Telepresence Systems and Methods Therefore

ABSTRACT

A telepresence system enhances the perception of presence of a remote person involved in a video conference. The system preferably has a two-way mirror, which is between the observer and the display device, positioned at an angle to reflect a backdrop surface. The backdrop surface may or may not appear superimposed in a position behind the image of a person from the remote location. The system preferably minimizes image distortion via an optical path for the camera line of sight that is substantially longer than the physical distance between the user and the camera. The system may be asymmetrical, in that one camera is on axis with the user&#39;s line of sight while the other camera is off axis with the user&#39;s line of sight.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/790,160, filed May 28, 2010, entitled “Telepresence Systems and Methods Therefore,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/860,366, filed Sep. 24, 2007, entitled “3-D Displays and Telepresence Systems and Methods Therefore,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,208,007, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/085,292, filed Mar. 21, 2005, entitled “Reflected Backdrop for Communications Systems,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,760,229, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/897,453, filed Jul. 23, 2004, entitled “Reflected Backdrop for Communications Systems,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,057,637, which claims priority to Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/564,098, filed Apr. 21, 2004; all of the above applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/860,366, filed Sep. 24, 2007, entitled “3-D Displays and Telepresence Systems and Methods Therefore,” also claims priority to Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/846,415, filed Sep. 22, 2006, and to Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/855,065, filed Oct. 27, 2006, and to Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/968,447, filed Aug. 28, 2007; all of the above applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/790,160, filed May 28, 2010, entitled “Telepresence Systems and Methods Therefore,” also claims priority to Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/293,553, filed Jan. 8, 2010, entitled “Communications Systems with Eye Contact;” all of the above applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to video conferencing apparatus and more particularly to systems and methods for achieving or enhancing “telepresence” which is a perception of presence of a person from a distant location.

BACKGROUND

There is a need for a new type of distance communications system that achieves “telepresence” which is commonly understood to be a perception of presence of a person from a distant location. Telepresence covers a broad range of display and interactive technologies. Most configurations do not have an aligned eye contact. Furthermore, they display a flat image on a screen or a monitor. The flat images produced by these products and display systems do not create the perception of the presence of the transmitted person in the three-dimensional setting of the receiving location.

The perception of the presence of a person within a room can be a powerful form of communication. Observers respond differently to an effective display of a life-size person in a three-dimensional setting compared to the common appearance of a person on a flat screen, such as normal television. In order to achieve this perception, the image of the person should not be contained by the appearance of the frame of a screen. This can be accomplished by having the distant person captured against a black background and superimposing the image with a backdrop and room setting appearing behind the person. With the proper balance of light on the backdrop and room setting, the image of the person can appear to be present in free space in front of the background.

There has become a need to develop a telepresence workstation specifically for a single person to be captured on camera for transmission to a remote location. Previous configurations have been made for desktop solutions, which have had inherent problems. In particular, the camera is so close to the person that a wide angle view is required to capture an image of the upper body of the person. In this close position this wide angle of view creates a distorted perspective on the person. This problem is particularly obvious when a person reaches forward with a hand.

The distortion of the person can be eliminated by moving the camera further back from the person. However, this could make the arrangement of the eye contact system excessively bulky. For many applications there is not enough available floor space to accommodate this required depth.

Most prior art systems, however, are large and bulky and, hence, cannot physically fit into most conference rooms. Thus, they are not acceptable for the majority of applications. Furthermore, the appearance of the transmitted person into a room setting poses many problems. Since the image of the transmitted person is superimposed into the room setting, any light surfaces or objects in the room setting will be visible through the image of the person. This will result in a “ghost” effect for the person. In order to control this visual effect, all of the background needs to be illuminated to an exact level of brightness. It is impractical to specially set the light levels and to select dark colors for all objects in the room for all applications other than theatrical settings. As a result, this configuration is generally unacceptable for normal business usage.

Even with producing custom room settings for these reflected image display systems, they have a fundamental problem caused by the location of the displayed image. Since the image of the person is reflected by the two-way minor, the image display system is positioned between the observer and the minor. As a result, the image on the image display system could be directly viewed by the observer. This would break the illusion of the presence of the person as seen in the reflection of the image in the two-way minor. There are various methods for minimizing the view of the display system, such as using a micro louver film to block the image from the observation zone. However, these techniques are not totally effective and darken the image to half or less of its brightness. Darkening the image can be a serious problem in that the two-way minor reflects only 30% to 50% percent of the light, causing the image to be only a small fraction of the brightness of the image display system. Due to the resulting low brightness of the image, the quality is unsatisfactory.

An additional feature in achieving effective telepresence is the perception of eye contact. It is well known that eye contact can be simulated by positioning a camera on the opposite side of a two-way mirror so that it matches the reflected view of the line of sight of the displayed person from the distant location.

There is a range of distance communications systems that are promoted as “telepresence” systems that have a camera positioned outside of the image display area so that they do not align with the eyes of the displayed person. Since the camera is offset from the location of the placement of the participant appearing on the image display device, these systems do not achieve a perceived eye contact.

There are many telepresence products and solutions on the market, but most of these do not achieve perceived eye contact. In some applications this eye contact is not essential to the distance communication. However, there are many applications where this eye contact is critical to the quality of communication between participants. There is a need for a broad range of configurations that provide eye contact to meet the many applications.

The combination of eye contact and the appearance in a three-dimensional setting were presented in the “Communications System” by White WO 01/11880 patent application filed Aug. 10, 1999 and published Feb. 15, 2001 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/049,253 filed Jul. 24, 2000, both incorporated herein by reference. These previous configurations have reflected an image of a life-size person so that it is superimposed into a three-dimensional setting. This setting, which is viewed through the two-way mirror, could incorporate a chair and background to give the perception that the person is in the room with the audience. This configuration requires that a large amount of space is dedicated to the display system, however.

Numerous configurations display life-size images of people transmitted from distant locations with cameras positioned at eye level height between the screens. However, a more effective form of telepresence achieves eye contact through the use of a two-way mirror. In this eye contact configuration the two-way mirror is used to match the camera alignment with the eye level of the display of the transmitted participant. Various configurations of eye contact devices have been commonly known for over twenty years.

One application that is of great importance is for call centers, which are a major business around the world. There is great potential for using the staff of the call centers to achieve better communication with customers by using telepresence instead of voice only. In this application the call center staff can connect to dedicated telepresence communications systems located in stores, public venues or offices. However, call centers usually have a large number of workstations on a floor and space per person is limited. Large telepresence systems using currently available configurations would not fit within the floor plans of these call centers.

PRIOR ART CONFIGURATIONS

Previous configurations have achieved eye contact. The prior art of FIG. 1 illustrates a two-way mirror 2 that is angled so that it reflects an image display device 4, such as a monitor or screen. A two-way minor is typically a partially silvered transparent substrate, which could be glass, plastic, Mylar or other transparent material. A two-way mirror has also been referred to as a one-way minor or a beamsplitter. The reflected image 5 will appear to be behind the two-way mirror 2. A camera 1 is placed behind the two-way mirror 2 in a position on the eye level of the person displayed on the reflection of the monitor. The camera is surrounded by an opaque enclosure 13 so that no light is viewed by the camera 1 as a reflection on the two-way mirror 2. The inside of the enclosure is black so that the observer 3 does not see the camera 1 or the enclosure 13 through the two-way mirror 2 and the only image visible to the observer 3 is the reflection 5 of the image on the image display device 4. This results in the undesirable visual effect of the person displayed on the reflected image 5 appearing to be at the back of a black box.

The prior art of FIG. 2 shows a configuration where the camera 1 is positioned behind the location of the appearance of the reflected image 5 on the image display device 4. The camera 1 is positioned in a background within a three-dimensional setting. An overhead blackout panel 16 is positioned above the two-way mirror 2 so that the camera view of the reflection on the two-way minor is of a black surface. In this manner, the only light exposing the image for the camera will be of the observation zone around the observer 3 on the opposite side of the two-way mirror 2.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the prior art of FIG. 2. An image of a person from a remote location is displayed on an image display device 4. In this prior art, the image on the image display device 4 is in view of the observer 3, which is a distraction from the intended view of the reflection of the image 5 of the transmitted person 6. If the image of the person in the remote location is produced with a black background, the frame of the reflected image 5 will not add light to the superimposed view of the background and the image of the person 6 will be viewed by the observer as a free standing image within the three-dimensional setting. A camera 1 may be placed in the room setting at a position that is at the eye level of the observer. Since the reflected image 5 of the remote person 6 is superimposed into the scene of the room, the normally lit background 12 in the room will be seen through the image of the person 6. In particular, a light object, such as a lamp 10, would clearly show through to give a “ghost” quality to the image of the person 6.

A disadvantage of this configuration is that a color shift can take place when the reflection on the two-way mirror 2 is viewed from an angle of approximately 45 degrees. This color shift can cause the reflected image of the person 6 to appear green. Also, any imperfections or distortion in the two-way mirror 2 will cause the image of the person to be degraded. This can be a particular problem if the two-way mirror is comprised of plastic or Mylar substrate.

The prior art of FIG. 4A illustrates an image display device 4 showing an image plane 17 of a person from a remote location, which can be directly viewed by an observer 3 through a two-way mirror 2. The observer 3 has a direct view along line of sight 220 through the two-way mirror 2 to view an image of a remotely located participant that is displayed on an image display device 4.

The two-way mirror 2 is angled downward so that a camera 1 located below the two-way mirror 2 views a reflection of the observer 3 and the surrounding observation zone. As shown in FIG. 4B, the camera 1 views upward along a line of sight 222 and is reflected in the two-way mirror 2 in the direction of the line of sight 220. The camera view along the line of sight 9 matches or is in close proximity to the line of sight 7 in FIG. 4A. When the camera 1 captures an image of the observer 3 along the line of sight 9, this image may be transmitted to the location of the remote participant for viewing the observer 3 with a perceived eye contact. In this arrangement the user 3 may have a perceived eye contact with the remote participant displayed on the image display device 4. Above the two-way mirror 2 is a black panel 16 that is in the camera view through the two-way mirror 2 so that the only light exposing the image for the camera 1 is the reflected view of the observation zone.

This prior art does not address the problems that may arise from the superimposing of the reflected image of the setting with the camera 1. In particular, the camera may be placed on a table or equipment rack that could be seen as a reflection in the two-way mirror. This would add an undesirable reflection of the table or equipment rack that would superimpose into the view of the image display area 17 as it is seen through the two-way mirror 2.

Hence, there is a need for an improved system that addresses the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above.

SUMMARY

The problems and needs outlined above are addressed by embodiments. In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a telepresence communication system for allowing a user located in an observation zone to communicate with a person using a communications system at another location, the telepresence communication system. The system includes an image display device having an image area, the image area being positioned substantially within a vertical plane, the plane positioned for viewing by the user in an observation zone. A two-way mirror is positioned between the observation zone and the image display device and is angled to reflect a backdrop. The backdrop is positioned adjacent the two-way mirror so that the reflection of a left edge and a right edge of the backdrop in the two-way mirror substantially aligns with a left and right edge, respectively of the image display device when viewed from the observation zone. The system also includes a camera located in the backdrop, such that the camera views the observation zone as a reflection off the two-way mirror. The system further includes a light-absorbing panel positioned on the side of the two-way mirror opposite the camera and located in the view of the camera through the two-way mirror as the camera is aligned to view the reflection of the observation zone off the two-way mirror.

In another aspect, embodiments provide for a telepresence technologies configuration for allowing a user in a home location to see a substantially life-size image of a person from a remote location appearing directly ahead and achieving an apparent eye contact while allowing for two-way interaction in real time for communication. The configuration includes a first telepresence communications system to capture the video image and audio of the person in a remote location and a remote location codec to encode outgoing video image and audio signals and decode incoming video image and audio signals. The configuration further includes a network connection for transmission of two-way communication signals between the home location and the remote location. The configuration also includes a home location codec to decode incoming video and audio signals from the remote location and code outgoing video image and audio signals for transmission to the remote location to display an image of the person from the remote location on the image display device and project audio of the person from a speaker system.

In yet another aspect, embodiments provide for a telepresence technologies architecture for managing and facilitating telepresence communication for allowing a first user in a home location to see a substantially life-size image of a second user at remote location appearing directly ahead and achieving an apparent eye contact while allowing for two-way interaction in real time for communication. The telepresence technologies architecture includes a telepresence communications system to capture a video image and audio of the second user using a pre-determined telepresence standard that defines requirements for placement of a camera relative to a user and placement of said user. The telepresence communications system in the remote location includes a codec to encode outgoing video image and audio signals and to decode incoming video image and audio signals. The architecture further includes a network connection from the remote location to a telepresence operations center, the telepresence operations center including network connections to other remote locations. Another feature of the architecture is a second network connection from the home location to the telepresence operations center, and a second codec in the home location to decode incoming video image and audio signals of the second user and to code video image and audio signals of the first user for transmission to the remote location via the telepresence operations center. The architecture further includes a second telepresence communications system in the home location, compatible with the pre-determined telepresence standard and configured to display, substantially life-size, the incoming images and audio signals of the second user in the home location.

Embodiments provide advantages over previous configurations that superimposed a reflected image of a person into the three-dimensional setting of a room. Since the preferred embodiments allow for the direct viewing of an image on an image display system, the image is not degraded by a superimposed room background that could produce a ghost effect. Some previous configurations of a reflected image of a person used a physical backdrop behind the superimposed image of the transmitted person so that the room setting did not wash out the image. However, the requirement for a physical backdrop behind the image caused the display system to be excessively bulky. In contrast, the embodiments may be compact since the backdrop is reflected to appear behind the image on the image display system, which achieves the visual illusion of depth without requiring the actual physical depth. In this way, the embodiment of the invention is by comparison about half of the actual physical depth. This is especially important in that a preferred physical embodiment, as a fully functioning telepresence system, can be placed on casters and rolled through a standard single doorway without requiring any disassembly or folding up of the system.

Embodiments provide advantages over previous configurations that are based on a direct view of an image display device through a beamsplitter with a camera aligned for eye contact. In previous configurations the reflection in the beamsplitter may be the surface of a desk, table or floor. In some cases, this reflection may include a black panel without a specific relationship to the image display device. Embodiments may incorporate a black panel that is positioned on the opposite side of the beamsplitter at an equal distance from the image display device. As a further improvement the left side and the right side of the black panel may appear reflected to appear superimposed at the position of the left and right side of the image display device respectively. By matching the size and placement of the black panel to the size of the image display device, the full image area of the image display device will be protected from unwanted superimposed reflections while at the same time not being any larger than necessary. In another aspect of embodiments the eye contact communications system can be placed on casters and rolled through a standard single doorway without requiring any disassembly or folding up of the system. In addition these embodiments may achieve the minimal size that is critical as a desktop communications system.

Another advantage of preferred embodiments is that the configuration can be folded up to become even more compact when not in usage. This makes it possible for the communications system to be stored in a small space.

Furthermore, embodiments may have the unique advantage of incorporating lighting behind the image display device to improve the communications experience. This lighting may illuminate an area or a wall behind the communications system so that the area outside of the left and right edges of the image display device will be brighter than the reflected area of the desk or floor to the left and right of the black panel. In this manner the user will clearly view the illuminated wall or room setting to the left and right edges of the image display device as a brighter image than the undesirable superimposed reflection of the desk or floor to the left and right of the black panel.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the backdrop can be a backlit transparency. Since this backdrop image is preferably illuminated from behind, the brightness of the image will not be adversely affected by the ambient lighting in the room. The backlit illuminated transparency can be a graphic image, photographic image, montage or patterned surface that is optimal for brightness and composition to achieve the desired visual effect for the backdrop.

An embodiment could include the network connection, which could be over an ISDN network or an IP network. The output of the computer from the send location could be directed through the codec to transmit a computer image at the second image display device at the remote location.

Another aspect is the communication between two locations using telepresence communications systems. In this aspect, the system architecture incorporates a network connection between computers in each of the telepresence communication locations to establish interaction with data sharing applications. For optimizing the quality of the delivery of both the supporting computer generated visuals and the effective delivery of the video images of the telepresence systems, it is preferable to use an IP network that is optimized for telepresence. This telepresence network would need to meet specific requirements of a minimal latency and quality of service, which may be better than transmission on the public Internet.

In yet another aspect, embodiments provide for a telepresence technologies architecture that is connected by a telepresence network to a telepresence operations center. It would be possible to offer telepresence services from this telepresence operations center, including digital recording of incoming video and data presentations, playback of prerecorded sessions, chat room services and many other services. The customers connected to the telepresence operations center would be monitored and charged for the telepresence services delivered.

There are many advantages to the innovation of a telepresence technologies architecture comprised of telepresence communications systems connected by a telepresence enabled network to a dedicated telepresence operations center to deliver a variety of telepresence services. With this telepresence technologies architecture, the telepresence operations center could have the capability of recording presentations since the incoming video signal and the visual supporting content will flow through the telepresence operations center. This recorded video and saved visual display content could be digitally stored at the telepresence operations center for synchronized video and data playback for future usage.

An advantage of the telepresence technologies architecture is that all of the communication would flow through the telepresence operations center so that it would be possible to monitor usage and delivery of stored content. In this embodiment of the telepresence technologies architecture, the company managing the telepresence operations center could document usage and charge accordingly.

Another advantage of this custom telepresence technologies architecture is that each location will be connected to the telepresence operations center, which will make it possible to deliver either live or prerecorded visual content from the telepresence operations center without any requirement to disconnect from one location and reconnect to another location. This could be especially effective for educational and training applications where prerecorded lectures could be delivered to educational facilities for the display of a life-size image of the instructor with the synchronized display of supporting visual content. At the end of the prerecorded lecture, the lecturer could be transmitted from his or her telepresence communications system in their home location to the telepresence operations center where their transmission would, in turn, be transmitted to the receiving location for live two-way interaction for questions and answers. As part of a service provided by the telepresence operations center a series of prerecorded lectures could be delivered to a number of locations at staggered intervals so that the lecturer could be connected to appear at each location consecutively at the end of the prerecorded lecture for a live session with each location individually. In this manner the lecturer could have his or her time maximized by having a “presence” at each location for two-way within a short amount of time. By way of example, a 45 minute prerecorded lecture could be followed by a 15 minute live session, which could be staggered so that the lecturer could complete a total of four sessions of 45 minute lectures followed by 15 minute live question and answers interaction at different locations around the world within a single hour. This capability is made practical and manageable with the telepresence technologies architecture as defined in this embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above features of the present invention will be more clearly understood from consideration of the following descriptions in connection with accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art configuration displaying a reflected image of a person positioned in the line of sight of the observer to simulate eye contact;

FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art configuration displaying a reflected image of a person with a camera in the background setting;

FIG. 3 illustrates a prior art configuration in a perspective view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4A illustrates a prior art configuration of a direct view of an image display device with a two-way mirror to reflect the camera view;

FIG. 4B illustrates a prior art configuration with a camera viewing toward a two-way mirror that is angled to be along the line of sight with a remote participant displayed on an image display device so that the camera captures an image of the participant with a perceived eye contact;

FIG. 5A illustrates a first embodiment with an image of a person on an image display device at a first plane and a backdrop on a reflected second plane and a line of sight of a user that is reflected in the two-way mirror to view toward a camera viewing through an aperture in a panel;

FIG. 5B illustrates a camera viewing through a two-way mirror to a black surface according to the embodiment of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C illustrates a user's angle of view from the top to the bottom of the image display device;

FIG. 5D illustrates the reflection in the beamsplitter of the view of the user with a black panel at a position and size to match the superimposed view of the image display device;

FIG. 5E illustrates the camera view through the beamsplitter to a light-absorbing surface at the position and size to be as small as possible, and the camera view reflected off the beamsplitter;

FIG. 5F illustrates the camera view through the beamsplitter to a light-absorbing surface, and the camera view reflected off the beamsplitter with a black panel at a position and size to match the superimposed view of the image display device;

FIG. 5G illustrates a camera viewing forward to a mirror angled to reflect the view upwards to the beamsplitter to reflect the view in alignment for perceived eye contact with user, and illustrates the angle of coverage of the observation zone;

FIG. 5H illustrates a laptop computer with a clip on embodiment of the eye contact display device;

FIG. 5I illustrates a computer monitor with a clip on embodiment of the eye contact display device;

FIG. 5J illustrates the clip on embodiment of the eye contact display device folded up;

FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of FIG. 5C and FIG. 5E;

FIG. 6B illustrates a perspective view of FIG. 5D and FIG. 5F;

FIG. 6C illustrates a top view of FIGS. 5D, 5F, and 6B;

FIG. 6D illustrates a top view of FIGS. 5D, 5F, and 6B with back lights;

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the front edges of the sides of the enclosure of the image display device that match to the reflected positions of extensions of the sides from the backdrop at the reflected second plane to the reflected first plane;

FIG. 8 illustrates a system with a backdrop comprised of multiple levels between the reflected first plane and the reflected second plane;

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the width of the backdrop matching the width of a black area positioned at a second plane behind the first plane of the image on the image display system;

FIG. 11 illustrates a top view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13A illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the present invention with three planes;

FIG. 14A illustrates a front view of the embodiment in FIG. 13A;

FIG. 15A illustrates a top view of the embodiment in FIGS. 13A and 14A;

FIG. 16A illustrates optimal viewing angles for observers;

FIG. 13B illustrates an embodiment as a self contained eye contact communications system on casters;

FIG. 14B illustrates a front section view of FIG. 13B;

FIG. 15B illustrates a top section view of FIGS. 13B and 14B;

FIG. 16B illustrates a top view of FIGS. 13B, 14B, and 15B viewed off axis by an observer;

FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment in FIGS. 13A, 14A, 15A, and 16A;

FIG. 18 illustrates a front view of FIG. 17 with the side panels and lights folded inward;

FIG. 19 illustrates a side view with the side panels and lights folded inward;

FIG. 20 illustrates the backdrop with the camera and codec rotated down;

FIG. 21 illustrates the overhead panel and additional panel rotated downward;

FIG. 22 illustrates the two-way mirror rotated part way downward with the sliding supporting component;

FIG. 23 illustrates the two-way mirror in a closed position with a cover of the overhead panel;

FIG. 24 illustrates the additional panel rotated upward to cover the rest of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 25 illustrates the monitor enclosure rotated downward for shipping;

FIG. 26 illustrates a user's view of a system;

FIG. 27 illustrates the camera view of a system;

FIG. 28 illustrates the camera view through the two-way mirror to a black panel;

FIG. 29 illustrates a side view of a system at a table;

FIG. 30 illustrates the folding up of the backdrop panel;

FIG. 31 illustrates the folding down of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 32 illustrates the folding in of the overhead black panel;

FIG. 33 illustrates a closed system with the potential of direct viewing on the image display system;

FIG. 34A illustrates an embodiment of the invention as a desk communications system;

FIG. 34B illustrates an embodiment of the eye contact communications system as a workstation;

FIG. 34C illustrates an alternative version of FIG. 3B with the camera positioned above the beamsplitter;

FIG. 35 illustrates the folding down of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 36 illustrates the folding down of the overhead black panel;

FIG. 37 illustrates the folding forward of an upper section of panel to complete a desktop surface and potential for direct viewing of the image display system;

FIG. 38A illustrates an embodiment that is small enough to be placed on a table or desk;

FIG. 38B illustrates a tabletop embodiment with eye contact;

FIG. 39 illustrates the folding down of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 40 illustrates the folding down of the overhead black panel for direct viewing of the image display system;

FIG. 41 illustrates an embodiment of the invention with a large rear projection image display system;

FIG. 42 illustrates the folding down of the backdrop;

FIG. 43 illustrates the folding down of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 44 illustrates the folding in of the black overhead panel;

FIG. 45 illustrates the usage of an embodiment of the invention with the image of a person on the image display system at eye level;

FIG. 46 illustrates the overhead black panel folding down;

FIG. 47 illustrates the two-way mirror folding up;

FIG. 48 illustrates the lights folding up;

FIG. 49 illustrates the backdrop folding up;

FIG. 50A illustrates an embodiment of the invention as a kiosk with the backdrop overhead;

FIG. 50B illustrates an embodiment as a commercial display;

FIG. 50C illustrates an embodiment as a module placed in a wall;

FIG. 50D illustrates an embodiment as a free standing kiosk;

FIG. 50E illustrates a front elevation view of FIG. 50D;

FIG. 51 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the invention with the backdrop at the level of the floor;

FIG. 52 illustrates the turning of the two-way mirror to the opposite direction;

FIG. 53 illustrates the usage of the communications system for both transmission and for view of a remote audience and a real audience;

FIG. 54 illustrates a front view of FIG. 53 with a second screen for supporting visuals;

FIG. 55 illustrates an interactive panel for usage by the presenter;

FIG. 56A illustrates a side section view of an embodiment of the invention with an image display device for presenting supporting visuals;

FIG. 57A illustrates a front section view of the embodiment in FIG. 56A;

FIG. 58A illustrates a front elevation view of the embodiment in FIGS. 56A and 57A;

FIG. 56B illustrates an embodiment with an integrated data display monitor;

FIG. 57B illustrates a front section view of FIG. 56B;

FIG. 58B illustrates a front elevation view of FIGS. 56B and 57B;

FIG. 59 illustrates a top section view of the embodiment in FIG. 56A;

FIG. 60 illustrates a top elevation view of the embodiment in FIG. 56A;

FIG. 61A illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 56A;

FIG. 61B illustrates a perspective view of FIGS. 56B, 57B, and 58B;

FIG. 62 illustrates a side elevation view of the embodiment in FIG. 56A without the second image display device;

FIG. 63 illustrates a side section view of an embodiment that is positioned on a small table;

FIG. 64 illustrates configuration of a person with a hand raised in the view of a camera within an eye contact configuration with a display device behind a two-way mirror and a camera in front of the two-way mirror placed on a desktop;

FIG. 65 illustrates a configuration of a person with a hand raised in the view of a camera within an eye contact configuration with a display device reflected in a two-way mirror and a camera behind the two-way mirror placed on a desktop;

FIG. 66 illustrates a user of the eye contact configuration of FIG. 64 or FIG. 65 with distortion resulting from the close wide angle camera view;

FIG. 67 illustrates a user of an eye contact arrangement as seen from a camera at a desirable distance;

FIG. 68 illustrates a user positioned at a desirable distance from an eye contact configuration;

FIG. 69 illustrates a user at an embodiment of the invention with the camera at a desirable distance achieved through a double reflection arrangement;

FIG. 70 illustrates the path of the camera view for the configuration illustrated in FIG. 69;

FIG. 71 illustrates the angle of view of the camera with the desired camera view capturing the user and the positioning of a computer keyboard and monitor on a desktop;

FIG. 72 illustrates the location of a black panel above the two-way mirror and a black background behind the user;

FIG. 73 illustrates lights positioned to achieve desirable lighting of the user;

FIG. 74 illustrates a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 75 illustrates a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the invention with supporting structures;

FIG. 76 illustrates a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the invention with the location of lighting illustrated;

FIG. 77 illustrates an arrangement of workstations with desk structures aligned horizontally;

FIG. 78 illustrates an arrangement of workstations with a background panel and the back of the alternating workstations aligned horizontally;

FIG. 79 illustrates an arrangement of trapezoidal shaped workstations aligned to form a circle;

FIG. 80 illustrates an arrangement of trapezoidal shaped workstations aligned to form a curving line;

FIG. 81 illustrates a telepresence technologies network configuration with integrated data display;

FIG. 82 illustrates a telepresence technologies network configuration with independent data sharing;

FIG. 83 illustrates a telepresence technologies architecture with a network connection to a central hub;

FIG. 84 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with an asymmetric telepresence communications arrangement with an on-axis communications system with a camera aligned on axis for eye contact for capturing an image with eye contact alignment and a network connecting to an off-axis communications system with a camera not obscured by a two-way mirror for capturing an off-axis image of a user for two way communication;

FIG. 85 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the receiving party viewing a perceived eye contact while the camera is off-axis to eye contact and positioned in front of the two-way mirror along with the image display device;

FIG. 86 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the receiving party viewing a perceived eye contact while the camera is off-axis to eye contact and viewing through a gap between the two-way mirror and the image display device;

FIG. 87 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the receiving party viewing a perceived eye contact while the image display device is behind the two-way mirror; the camera is above the two-way mirror; and a backdrop is reflected to appear behind the image on the image display device;

FIG. 88 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with the receiving party viewing a perceived eye contact while the image display device is behind the two-way mirror; the camera is below the two-way mirror; and a backdrop is reflected to appear behind the image on the image display device;

FIG. 89 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a lectern with the camera and the image display device in front of the two-way mirror;

FIG. 90 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a lectern with the camera positioned forward of the two-way mirror and positioned on the front of the monitor;

FIG. 91 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a lectern positioned on a platform with the camera located inside a mock podium that is reflected in the two-way mirror;

FIG. 92 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured for the appearance of a head-to-toe image of a person to appear in a three dimensional setting with a camera positioned between a large two-way mirror and an overhead rear projection screen;

FIG. 93 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured for the appearance of a head-to-toe image of a person with a camera positioned above a two-way mirror and a front projection screen below;

FIG. 94A illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera positioned between the two-way mirror and the overhead image display device;

FIG. 95A illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 94 with the two-way mirror rotated upwards to allow a person to work at the service counter;

FIG. 94B illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a service counter with direct view of an image display device behind a two way mirror and a camera positioned between the two-way mirror with an overhead backdrop;

FIG. 95B illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 94B with the two-way mirror and image display device rotated upwards to allow a person to work at the service counter;

FIG. 96 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera between a two-way mirror and an image display device located below;

FIG. 97 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera located above a two-way mirror with the image display device positioned below and a keyboard and data monitor for interaction with a user;

FIG. 98 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention positioned above retail shelving with a camera positioned between a two-way mirror and an overhead image display device;

FIG. 99 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention positioned above an interactive computer based kiosk with a camera positioned between a two-way mirror and an overhead display device;

FIG. 100 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a desk with a camera positioned between the two-way mirror and an overhead image display device;

FIG. 101 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a desk with a camera positioned between the two-way mirror and an image display device below;

FIG. 102 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a desk with the camera positioned above the two-way mirror with the image display device and a backdrop reflected in a position behind the image display device;

FIG. 103 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a desk with a small image display device behind a two-way mirror with a small camera above the two-way mirror and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the image display device;

FIG. 104 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention configured as a conference table system with a camera located above a two-way mirror with an image display device located behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the image display device;

FIG. 105 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention including retail shelving with a camera positioned above the two-way mirror with an image display device behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the image display device;

FIG. 106 illustrates a computer based kiosk embodiment of the present invention with a camera positioned above the two-way mirror with an image display device behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the image display device;

FIG. 107 illustrates an automatic teller machine incorporating an embodiment of the present invention with a camera above a two-way mirror with an image display device behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the image display device;

FIG. 108 illustrates an automatic teller machine incorporating an embodiment of the present invention with a camera above a two-way mirror with an image display device behind and a backdrop curving to meet the two-way mirror at an angle to give the appearance of a reflection of the backdrop behind the image display device;

FIG. 109 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera located above the two-way mirror with an image of a front projection screen and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the screen;

FIG. 110 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera located above the two-way mirror with a rear projection screen behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the screen;

FIG. 111 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera located above the two-way mirror with a front projection screen behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the screen;

FIG. 112 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera located above the two-way mirror with a rear projection screen behind and a backdrop reflected to appear behind the screen;

FIG. 113 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention as a kiosk or customer service counter with a surface at the level of the ceiling reflected into a plane of a wall behind;

FIG. 114 illustrates a front view of the embodiment in FIG. 113;

FIG. 115 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in a room with the backdrop at floor level to appear reflected into a plane of a wall behind; and

FIG. 116 illustrates a top view of the embodiment in FIG. 115.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments and their advantages will be discussed in general terms, first, followed by a more detailed description of specific preferred embodiments. The telepresence communications system is comprised of an image on an image display device, which is positioned directly behind the two-way mirror. The image display device may be a flat panel plasma or LCD monitor, rear projection video system, front projection on a screen or other image display method capable of displaying moving images.

The image display device has an image area, the image area being positioned substantially within a vertical plane, the plane positioned for viewing by the user in an observation zone. A beamsplitter is positioned between the observation zone and the image display device and is angled to reflect a black panel. The black panel is positioned adjacent the beamsplitter so that the reflection of a left edge and a right edge of the black panel in the beamsplitter substantially aligns with a left and right edge, respectively of the image display device when viewed from the observation zone. The system also includes a camera located in the black panel, such that the camera views the observation zone as a reflection off the beamsplitter. The system further includes a light-absorbing panel positioned on the side of the beamsplitter opposite the camera and located in the view of the camera through the beamsplitter as the camera is aligned to view the reflection of the observation zone off the beamsplitter.

Embodiments provide for a telepresence technologies configuration for allowing a user in a home location to see a substantially life-size image of a participant from a remote location appearing directly ahead and achieving an apparent eye contact while allowing for two-way interaction in real time for communication. The configuration includes a first telepresence communications system to capture the video image and audio of the participant in a remote location and a remote location codec to encode outgoing video image and audio signals and decode incoming video image and audio signals. The configuration further includes a network connection for the transmission of two-way communication signals between the home location and the remote location. The configuration also includes a home location codec to decode incoming video and audio signals from the remote location and code outgoing video image and audio signals for transmission to the remote location to display an image of the person from the remote location on the image display device and project audio of the person from a speaker system.

In another embodiment of the invention there is a depth relationship in the telepresence system. For the purpose of clarity, the vertical plane of the image on the image display system is described as a first plane. A second plane is described as a plane parallel to the first plane and further away from the user. A backdrop is positioned further away from the two-way mirror than the image on the image display device so that a reflection of the backdrop appears in the location of the second plane. The two-way mirror and the backdrop are set at angles that will result in the reflection of the backdrop appearing in a vertical orientation to match the location of the second plane. The user in the observation zone will see the superimposed images of the first plane comprised of the image on the image display device appearing in front of the second plane comprised of the reflected image of the backdrop.

A camera is located in the backdrop, such that the camera views the observation zone as a reflection off the two-way mirror. The camera could be positioned behind the backdrop with a view through an aperture for the lens to see through to the view of the reflection of the observation zone off the two-way mirror. A reflective mirror could be located behind an aperture in the backdrop in the view of the camera so that the camera views the observation zone as a reflection off the two-way mirror and the reflective mirror.

A light-absorbing panel could be positioned on the side of the two-way mirror opposite the camera and located in the view of the camera through the mirror as the camera is aligned to view the reflection of the observation zone off the two-way mirror. The light-absorbing panel could be a matt black fabric or other light-absorbing material to minimize the amount of light that would be superimposed with the view of the reflection of the view of the observation zone.

The camera could be positioned in the location where the view reflected off the two-way mirror would be approximately at the height of the eye level of a transmitted person appearing on the image of the image display device. In this way, the user looking at the eye level of the transmitted image of the person on the image display device would be looking in the direction of the reflected camera.

A black area, such as a panel covered with black material, matching the width of the backdrop could be positioned in the location of the second plane to match the superimposed image of the reflected backdrop. This would result in a view of the reflection of a backdrop comprised of an illuminated visible material, which would be more clearly visible to the user than the direct view of the black area. As a result, the user would see the direct view of the image on the image display device on the first plane in front of the reflected backdrop on the second plane with the backdrop and the two areas matching in width. Outside of the width of the backdrop and the black area, the user would see a direct view of the room setting to the sides. Part of the view could include a view through the two-way mirror to the room setting to the sides of the reflected backdrop. In this view, through the two-way mirror that is outside of the reflected backdrop, the objects surrounding the backdrop could reflect in the two-way mirror. Therefore, it is advantageous to have these objects, such as the supporting structure for the backdrop and the surrounding floor, to be dark in color and not highly illuminated.

The backdrop could be illuminated from the available room lighting or the telepresence system could have integrated lights to illuminate the backdrop. Alternatively, the backdrop could be comprised of a panel or panels with a transparency or transparencies displaying photographic or graphic images that are illuminated from behind. The backdrop could be comprised of one or more types of surfaces that in the reflected second plane could have a mixture of colors, patterns, textures and/or an undulation or variation in depth within the surface area to produce greater depth cues relative to the superimposed image on the first plane. Furthermore, the backdrop could have multiple planes extending back from the reflected second plane to display additional depth cues.

The configuration could have the backdrop located below the two-way mirror. Alternatively, the configuration could have the backdrop located above the two-way mirror. As a further alternative, the backdrop could be located to the side of the two-way mirror.

The image display device could have an exposed image area surrounded by a black enclosure to contain the image display device with the image area being positioned substantially within the first plane. The outer edges of the backdrop on the reflected second plane could be extended toward the two-way mirror to match the superimposed position of the left and right sides of the black enclosure at the first plane.

The image display device with an exposed image area could be surrounded by a black enclosure containing the image display device. The image area could be at the location of the first plane and the black enclosure would have edges at the first plane. The black enclosure could also have edges located at a second plane behind the first plane. The width of the black enclosure at the second plane would be wider so that the left and right edges would be within the view of the user from the observation zone. The backdrop could be positioned further away from the two-way mirror to be at a location that is reflected into a position of a third plane parallel to the second plane and behind the second plane. The left and right sides of the backdrop could extend from the reflected third plane to the reflected second plane. The locations of the left and right extended edges of the sides of the backdrop could match the width of the black enclosure at the second plane to superimpose within the view of the user from the observation zone. In this manner, the image displayed on the image display device on the first plane will be both in front of the left and right edges of the reflected backdrop at the second plane and, additionally, further in front of the middle of the backdrop superimposed in the third plane.

An embodiment is compact enough that it can fit within a standard aisle width in a store. This makes it ideal for usage in retail and commercial applications as a kiosk, information booth or product promotions display. The free floating image in the communications system is excellent for attracting attention to the life-size image of a person in a busy retail environment. It is also ideal for displaying floating graphic and product images for promotional purposes. The telepresence system could display prerecorded images of a life-size person to communicate messages or promote products. Alternatively, the telepresence system could transmit a person from a commercially operated telepresence operations center to engage in two-way telepresence communication with people standing in the observation zone in front of the kiosk.

Some embodiments preferably provide a sense of presence of the transmitted person, which can be very important for many business applications. In particular, banking applications can provide eye contact between a banker and a customer. This eye contact is important in maintaining trust and personal contact in the business relationship. The compact size of some embodiments makes them practical for uses in banking locations which have limited space.

Embodiments may be scalable to a larger size, which is very important for communication with larger groups. In particular, embodiments can display a group of people while providing eye contact and a sense of presence in a three-dimensional setting. It can also provide a large image area for one person to move in freely. This can be very useful for teaching applications where the teacher may want to move at the front of the room. Embodiments may incorporate the display of presentations, data and graphics to support the training, teaching or presentation activity. In some configurations the communications systems can be folded up into a carrying case.

Embodiments may allow for the direct viewing of the room setting to the left and right of the reflected backdrop. This assures that the image does not appear to be at the back of a black box, which would be the case if side panels enclosed the image display device behind the two-way mirror. In an embodiment, lights can be incorporated in the back of the backdrop structure so that the room setting backdrop can be illuminated. This lighting of the background would assure that the observer would see the depth cues of the room setting at a properly illuminated light level and color temperature that is optimal for compatibility with the illuminated backdrop.

In some embodiments, the system can incorporate a second image display device, such as a plasma screen, LCD monitor or other computer/video display device. This second image display device can be positioned in front of the two-way mirror. The second image display device can display computer data, PowerPoint presentations, video, computer graphics or any other visual material that would be used to support the presentation of information. This “presentation screen” could be controlled from the remote location by the presenter at the remote location. In this manner, the telepresent person would appear to be controlling the “presentation screen” in the room with the observers. The sharing of visual information and data can make the communication much more effective for many applications. The presenter in the remote location can have an image display device in front of him or her. As he or she looks down at the image display device, his or her transmitted image at the location of the observers will be seen as the telepresent person looking in the direction of the image display device in the room. In this manner, the relationship of the telepresent person and the display of visual information will have the correct orientation for natural and effective interaction.

An embodiment could be placed on a table. The configuration could have a black backdrop that would be ideal for the display of an incoming visual of a location where the person or people are appearing on a black background. This will be common for the image of a remote location. However, the ideal configuration for a system dedicated to sending a transmission would be to have a black backdrop. This send system could include a black background behind the presenter and could incorporate lights to achieve optimal illumination of the presenter.

The telepresence technologies architecture has the advantage of making new forms of face-to-face communications services possible. As an example, a large embodiment of the telepresence technologies architecture could encompass a vast number of telepresence users. Since the configuration could connect users through a telepresence operations center, it would be possible to quickly and effectively make connections between the telepresence users without separate dialing or inputting new IP addresses. This telepresence technologies architecture would make it possible to establish chat rooms and introduction services for people to meet face-to-face and get to know each other through natural human communication with eye contact and the personality revealed through facial expressions and body language. This could be especially valuable for lifelike and life-size telepresence services offering dating and intimate communication.

Another example of a telepresence technologies architecture application is for interviews for employment. Currently, video conferencing is occasionally used for interviews. However, video conferencing is not generally effective since the job applicant cannot make eye contact with the employer and the two-way interaction is not a natural face-to-face configuration. Furthermore, video conference services are not standardized and have many complexities in establishing connections between different users. By contrast, the embodiment of this invention in the telepresence technologies architecture solves these problems. Firstly, the telepresence display system would establish the correct eye contact and sense of presence of the job applicant to appear in the room with the employer. Additionally, the telepresence technologies architecture would resolve the problems of connectivity since all of the telepresence users could be connected to the telepresence operations center for reliable and standardized delivery. Applicants could go to any location in the world that has a telepresence communications system and be assured that their appearance in the room with the employer will meet the specific requirements of eye contact and quality of transmission.

A further example of the telepresence technologies architecture is an application in banking. Banks have tested video conferencing on customers and have found that customers have rejected video conferencing. They have objected to being viewed by a camera and can not establish trust with a banker that will not make eye contact. However, the telepresence technologies architecture could resolve these problems by bringing a life-size banker into the bank office to meet at a table to discuss banking with eye-to-eye contact. Most importantly, the customer could meet with the right person at their branch bank even though this bank manager may be located at the city headquarters. The telepresence technologies architecture could operate within the secure network of the bank for confidentiality of information. The bank could operate their own telepresence operations center as long as it meets the specific technical requirements to deliver life-size communication through telepresence.

Another example of the telepresence technologies architecture is the application of telepresence in the security field. Security companies use surveillance cameras to monitor activities in remote locations. However, they recognize that presence in a location is a deterrent to potential intruders. The usage of standard video conferencing would not provide a deterrent to intruders, since the video display on a monitor would not provide any sense of presence. However, the telepresence technologies architecture could overcome these problems. The display of a life-size security guard appearing at the guard station could give a person at the exterior of the property a realistic impression that a real guard was actually at the guard station. Through the configuration of the telepresence system networked to the telepresence operations center, it would be possible to deliver advanced and cost effective security services. Instead of having the real guard appearing at one location, it would be possible to have a prerecorded life-size image of the guard transmitted to numerous locations. Only when a predefined sensor is triggered will the real guard be transmitted to the location of the incident. Since the telepresence technologies architecture is configured to accommodate a central command of the telepresence network, the real guard could transmit to the site at the speed of light. As a telepresent person, the guard could look directly at any intruders with eye-to-eye contact at the location of the incident and could electronically control lights, doors and security measures at the location.

A further application of the telepresence technologies architecture is for communication with deaf people. Video conferencing has been used for communication between people who are deaf since the deaf people can see each other for communication through signing. However, video conferencing is not ideal for this application since it would be more effective with eye contact and interaction with a life-size person. Furthermore, video conferencing requires that each location is dialed individually.

The telepresence technologies architecture overcomes these problems by providing both the improved display of a person communicating through signing and completes the technical solution by connecting the participants through the telepresence operations center. A signing person can connect to another signing person through the telepresence operations center for face-to-face communication.

A further advantage of the telepresence technologies architecture is that a deaf signing person can connect to a signing interpreter through the telepresence operations center. The signing interpreter can have a face-to-face and life-size interaction for easy reading of the signing communication. The signing interpreter can provide a verbal translation for a third party who may have an audio only connection to the interpreter for two-way communication, which will be relayed to the deaf person. Alternatively, the third party could use a telepresence communications system connected to the telepresence operations center. The third party could see the deaf person and could hear the verbal translation provided by the interpreter.

Another advantage of the telepresence technologies architecture is that it could support communication between people speaking different languages. Participants would connect to the telepresence operations center with their telepresence communications systems where they will be connected for face-to-face telepresence communication. Additionally a connection will be made through the telepresence operations center to a translator at a third location who will hear the voices of the two participants. The translator could translate the speech of the first participant and provide a translation for the second participant. Conversely, the second participant could have his or her speech translated by the translator and spoken to the first participant. The telepresence technologies architecture could facilitate this translation service by providing the technical configuration to easily and effectively connect people of different languages for telepresence communication. One of the advantages of the telepresence technologies architecture is that the participants can have natural face-to-face communication that would make it easier for them to establish rapport through facial expressions and body language.

The telepresence technologies architecture could provide further advantages by integrating a speech to text capability that would be specifically configured to have the translator's verbal translation captured by a speech to text software and then have the resulting text appear on the second image display device on the telepresence communications system or as superimposed text over the image of the telepresent person. This innovation would allow the participants to maintain communication with the other participant by looking forward to the participant while at the same time seeing the written translation. In this embodiment of the invention, the participants may not need to have a verbal translation, since their translation would be visually presented for them within the visual display. In this manner, they could concentrate on the personal interaction with the telepresent person through eye contact and body language.

As language translation software is refined, it would be possible to have language translation software applications at the telepresence operations center that would be available to telepresence users. The software would eliminate the need for a translator as a third party. A first participant would speak in a first language, which would be interpreted and translated to a second language for the second participant. An important advantage of the telepresence technologies architecture is that neither of the participants would need to have either the language translation software at their locations. This software and the technical means to facilitate this capability would be integral to the services of the telepresence operations center.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers are used to designate like elements throughout the various views, several embodiments of the present invention are further described. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances, the drawings have been exaggerated or simplified for illustrative purposes only. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the many possible applications and variations of the present invention based on the following examples of possible embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5A shows an embodiment with a displayed image 17 located at a first plane which is viewed by an observer 3 through a two-way mirror 2. A panel 8 may be positioned below the two-way mirror 2 at any distance. The panel 8 may be a black panel that may minimize light being superimposed on the direct view of the image display device 4 as viewed by the observer 3 or may wholly prevent light from being superimposed image. Also, the panel 8 may be a light colored or illuminated backdrop that is viewed as a reflection 9 at a second plane by the observer 3. The panel 8 may be positioned further away from the two-way mirror 2 than the image 17 on the image display device 4. In this situation, if a light colored or illuminated backdrop is used, the reflected backdrop 9 at the second plane will be seen by the observer 3 to appear to be behind the image 17 on the first plane.

The image display device 4 may be a plasma monitor, LCD monitor, LED monitor, OLED monitor, rear projection screen or another device capable of displaying a video generated image. A beamsplitter is typically a partially silvered transparent substrate, which could be glass, plastic, Mylar or other transparent material. A beamsplitter has also been referred to as a one-way mirror, two-way mirror or a semi-transparent mirror. The beamsplitter may typically have a reflectivity of 30% to 50%. The beamsplitter 2 is positioned in the configuration so that the surface with the reflectivity is on the side with the user 3. The opposite side of the beamsplitter may have an anti-reflective surface that may reduce the natural reflectivity of the clear surface.

FIG. 5A further shows the line of sight 220 of the user 3 as it is directed toward the image display device 4. The line of sight 220 is partially reflected off the beamsplitter 2 in the direction of 221 toward the camera 1. The lens of the camera 1 views through the panel 8. The camera 1 may be placed behind the panel 8 with an aperture 29 for the lens to view through so that the camera 1 is not clearly visible to the user 3. A black panel 16 is placed above the two-way mirror 2 so that the camera view through the two-way mirror 2 does not superimpose any light into the reflected view of the observation zone surrounding the observer 3.

FIG. 5B shows the embodiment in FIG. 5A with a camera 1 viewing upwards along a line of sight 222 that partially passes through a beamsplitter 2 to a light-absorbing surface 16, such as a black surface. Without this light-absorbing surface 16 the camera 1 would be exposed with the illuminated area above the beamsplitter 2, which would superimpose into the reflected view of the observation zone of the user 3. The remote participant displayed on the image display device may appear life-size or close to life-size so that the eyes of the displayed participant may be located close to the line of sight 220.

FIG. 5C shows the view of the user 3 in the direction 223 to the top of the image display device 4 and in the direction of 225 to the bottom of the image display device 4. This view passes through the beamsplitter 2. FIG. 5C further shows the view of the user 3 in the direction 223 toward the top of the image display device 4 as it is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 224 toward the panel 8, and the view of the user 3 in the direction 225 toward the bottom of the image display device 4 as it is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 226 toward the panel 8. In this illustration the beamsplitter 2 is moved close to the bottom edge of the image display device 4, which is some distance from the edge of the panel 8. If a color or illuminated backdrop is used for the panel 8, this configuration allows the user 3 to view the reflected backdrop 9 at the second plane behind the image 17 on the first plane. The camera 1 may be hidden behind the panel 8, except for an aperture 29 for the camera lens.

FIG. 5D shows the view of the user 3 in the direction 227 toward the top of the image display device 4 as it is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 228 toward a panel 8, and the view of the user 3 in the direction 229 toward the bottom of the image display device 4. In this illustration the beamsplitter 2 is moved close to the bottom edge of the image display device 4, which intersects with the edge of the panel 8. The plane of the panel 8 is positioned a distance from the reflective surface of the beamsplitter 2 that is equal to the distance between the beamsplitter 2 and the image plane 17 of the image display device 4. This configuration keeps the size of the panel 8 to a minimum while providing a direct view of the image display device 4. Any superimposed image in this embodiment may be on the same plane as image 17, however, if a black panel is used as the panel 8, few or no unwanted superimposed reflections may occur in this area. The camera 1 may be hidden behind the panel 8, except for an aperture 29 for the camera lens.

FIG. 5E shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 5A through FIG. 5D, except that the light-absorbing panel 16 is positioned in the configuration to be as small as possible for the purpose of keeping the overall eye contact communications system to a smaller size. In particular, the light-absorbing panel 16 is close to the image display device 4 while not covering the image area 17 of the image display device 4. The panel 16 extends horizontally to the intersection with the beamsplitter 2.

The camera 1 views in the direction of 230 toward the front of the overhead light-absorbing surface 16 and in the direction of 232 toward the back of the light-absorbing surface 16 with this view passing through the beamsplitter 2. The directions of 230 and 232 illustrate a possible field of view of the camera 1. If the field of view of the camera 1 would be wider than the direction 232, the camera 1 would view the monitor 4. This view wider than the direction 232 would be undesirable as the view of the monitor 4 would superimpose with the reflected view in the beamsplitter 2 of the observation zone of the user 3. The view wider than the direction 230 would be undesirable as the view would capture an image beyond the edge of the beamsplitter 2. Therefore, the angle of view between the direction 230 and the direction 232 would be defined as the widest angle of view that would be desirable for this configuration. In order to take advantage of this full angle of view it would be necessary to have a fixed lens for the camera 1 that matched this angle of view or a zoom lens that could be set to this angle of view. A lens with a less wide angle of view or a zoom lens with a setting at a more narrow angle would fill the requirements for achieving a desirable reflected view off the beamsplitter 2 of the observation zone of the user 3 while having the full image area protected from unwanted superimposed images as it views through the beamsplitter 2 to the light-absorbing panel 16.

FIG. 5E also shows the view of the camera 1 with the maximum angle of view as it is reflected off the beamsplitter 2. The front of the camera view in direction 230 reflects off the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 231. The back of the camera view in the direction 232 reflects off the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 233. The camera view between the direction 231 and direction 233 covers the observation zone of the user 3. Any angle of view that is less than wide angle of view defined by the direction 231 and direction 233 may be acceptable.

FIG. 5F shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 5E, except that the panel 8 is positioned in the configuration to be as small as possible for the purpose of keeping the overall eye contact communications system to a minimal size. In particular, the panel 8 is close to the monitor 4 while not covering the image area 17 of the image display device 4. The panel 8 extends horizontally.

The camera 1 views in the direction of 234 toward the front of the overhead light-absorbing surface 16 and in the direction of 236 toward the back of the light-absorbing surface 16 with this view passing through the beamsplitter 2. The directions of 234 and 236 illustrate a possible field of view of the camera 1. If the field of view of the camera 1 would be wider than the direction 236, the camera 1 would view the monitor 4. This view wider than the direction 236 would be undesirable as the view of the monitor would superimpose with the reflected view in the beamsplitter 2 of the observation zone of the user 3. The view wider than the direction 234 would be undesirable as the view would capture an image beyond the edge of the beamsplitter 2. Therefore, the angle of view between the direction 234 and the direction 236 would be defined as the widest angle of view that would be desirable for this configuration. In order to take advantage of this full angle of view it would be necessary to have a fixed lens for the camera 1 that matched this angle of view or a zoom lens that could be set to this angle of view. A lens with a less wide angle of view or a zoom lens with a setting at a more narrow angle would fill the requirements for achieving a desirable reflected view off the beamsplitter 2 of the observation zone of the user 3 while having the full image area protected from unwanted superimposed images as it views through the beamsplitter 2 to the light-absorbing panel 16.

FIG. 5F also shows the view of the camera 1 with the maximum angle of view as it is reflected off the beamsplitter 2. The front of the camera view in direction 234 reflects off the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 235. The back of the camera view in the direction 236 reflects off the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 237. The camera view between the direction 235 and direction 237 covers the observation zone of the user 3. Any angle of view that is less than wide angle of view defined by the direction 235 and direction 237 may be acceptable.

The camera view in the foregoing FIG. 5A through FIG. 5F will be a mirror image since it is reflected once off the beamsplitter 2. This camera image will show the observation zone with the incorrect orientation unless the image can be inverted in the camera, a separate video mixer or the transmission codec. For this reason it is not always practical to use standard cameras and codecs. However, there are some codecs that have a feature to flip the video image.

FIG. 5G shows the camera 1 positioned to view forward in a horizontal direction 238 toward a mirror 42. This mirror 42 may be a front surface mirror to eliminate the problem of a partial reflection off the glass surface of a standard mirror where the reflective surface is on the back of the glass panel. Another embodiment is to incorporate a prism with a mirrored surface. The prism may have one surface mirrored so that a view in one side of the prism would reflect off the mirrored surface. The advantage of the usage of a mirrored prism is that no dust or damage could reach the mirrored surface. Another approach for keeping the dust from settling on the front surface mirror 42 is to cover the opening in the black panel with an anti-reflective glass panel 248. Anti-reflective glass has special coatings to minimize the normal reflectivity of standard clear glass. This configuration of the camera 1 and the mirror 42 may be incorporated into any of the previous embodiments.

The view forward in horizontal direction 238 is reflected off the mirror 42 in the direction 239 toward the beamsplitter 2, which is reflected in the direction 240 toward the user 3. The view in the directions 241 and 244 of the camera 1 is reflected in the mirror 42 with the front of the coverage in the direction 242, which is a reflection of direction 241, reflected in the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 243, and the back of the coverage in the direction 245, which is a reflection of direction 244, reflected in the beamsplitter 2 in the direction of 246. The camera view between the directions of 243 and 246 covers the observation zone of the user 3. The camera view between directions 242 and 245 partially passes through the beamsplitter 2 to view the light-absorbing panel 16.

It is important to note that the configurations as shown in FIGS. 5A through 5G could be flipped vertically with the beamsplitter 2 angled in the opposite direction so that the camera 1 would be at the top and the light-absorbing surface 16 would be on the bottom.

FIG. 5H shows a laptop computer 380 with an embodiment of the eye contact image display device comprised of a beamsplitter 2 with a camera 1 positioned below in a black backdrop 8 and an overhead black panel 16. The camera 1 may be a webcam or other small image capture device which views upwards along a line of sight 222 which is reflected off the beamsplitter 2 along the line of sight 220 toward the user 3. When the user 3 looks at the image display device 17 it will be along the same line of sight 220 to achieve a perceived eye contact with a person appearing on the image display device 17. The panels of the overhead panel 16, beamsplitter 2 and backdrop 8 are connected together to comprise a Z shaped component that is held at the top of the laptop monitor 380 by a locking mechanism 381. This locking mechanism 381 may be Velcrow, DuoLock or other components that easily lock together. This embodiment has the advantage of achieving eye contact with a simple display unit that can be easily clipped onto a laptop computer.

FIG. 5I shows a computer monitor 69 with an embodiment of the eye contact image display device comprised of a beamsplitter 2 with a camera 1 positioned below in a black backdrop 8 and an overhead black panel 16. The camera 1 may be a webcam or other small image device which views upwards along a line of sight 222, which is reflected off the beamsplitter 2 along the line of sight 220 toward the user 3. The device may be held in position with a locking device.

FIG. 5J is the embodiment of FIGS. 5H and 5I folded up comprised of the camera 1, backdrop 8, beamsplitter 2 and overhead panel 16. The folded eye contact display system could be constructed of lightweight metal, such as aluminum, or a lightweight plastic. The folded unit could be small enough to fit into a computer carrying case or small shipping container.

FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of the configuration in FIG. 5C and FIG. 5E. The image 7 of the person from the remote location is viewed directly through the two-way mirror 2. Since the image display area 17 is behind the two-way mirror, there is not the problem of the prior art FIG. 3, which had the distraction of the direct view of image 7 on the image display system. The image 7 of the remote person is preferably produced with a black background so that the surrounding frame 5 is not visibly illuminated. A camera 1 is placed in the panel 8. The reflected camera view 15 is in the line of sight of the displayed person 7 from the remote location. The camera view through the two-way mirror 2 is absorbed by an overhead black panel 16. The black panel 16 allows the camera to view the reflected observation zone surrounding the observer 3 without superimposing any light from the view through the two-way mirror 2.

Since the image display area 17 is viewed directly through the two-way mirror, the image 7 is clear and undistorted. With the prior art FIG. 3, any imperfections in the mirror would distort quality of the reflected image. This is particularly critical when the two-way mirror is on a plastic or Mylar substrate. By contrast, a slight imperfection in the reflection of a backdrop is not as critical as the focus of attention on the transmitted person 7. Another problem with the view of a reflection of an image in the prior is that the two-way mirror could introduce a color shift. However, the direct viewing through the two-way mirror is less prone to a color shift.

A light colored or illuminated backdrop, which is used as the panel 8 below the two-way mirror, is viewed by the observer 3 as a reflection that appears to be located at the second plane behind the first plane with the image of the transmitted person 7 on the image display device. Therefore, there is an obvious depth relationship between the image of the transmitted person 7 and the reflected backdrop 9. This achieves the desired three-dimensional relationship that can produce a greater sense of presence.

The panel 8 may have a pattern, texture or graphic design in order to provide depth cues for the observer 3 to clearly see the displayed image of the transmitted person 7 as being in front of the reflected backdrop 9. The backdrop may comprise a pattern of planes at different depths so that the displayed person is viewed relative to a three-dimensional setting appearing behind the person. The camera 1 could be incorporated into the back of the panel 8 so that it is in the line of sight for eye contact.

Since the reflected backdrop 9 and the displayed person 7 are viewed as two superimposed images, it is particularly advantageous that the brightness of the panel 8 is controlled. In preferred embodiments of this invention, the backdrop 8 is produced specifically to provide the correct level of brightness to effectively achieve the desired visual effect of a three-dimensional relationship of the displayed person 7 relative to the reflected backdrop 9. The backdrop 8 may be dark relative to the image of the person 7 so that it does not appear through the person 7 to cause a “ghost” effect. However, it may be bright enough to be clearly visible for the purpose of providing the depth cue of a three-dimensional setting relative to the person 7. Also, it may be bright enough to obscure the black portion of the screen surrounding the image of the remote person 7. In these ways, the backdrop achieves the desired telepresence effect.

The size of the backdrop 8 may be large enough to cover the full area of the image display device. Since the image display device 17 is viewed on a first plane in front of the reflected backdrop 9 on a second plane, a view somewhat to the side, instead of directly from the center of the screen, may require that the backdrop 8 is larger than the image display area 17. Otherwise, the backdrop might not be large enough to cover the full image of the image display device when viewed by an observer located off to the side.

Outside of the reflected view of the backdrop 9 will be a reflected view of the area surrounding the backdrop 18. In some cases, this reflection may be a view 18 of the floor and objects on the floor. This reflected image on the two-way mirror 2 of the surrounding area 18 may be distracting and undesirable if it is light enough to be viewed clearly as a reflection. For this reason, it is preferred that the table, supporting equipment and floor surrounding the backdrop 8 are dark in value and are not brightly illuminated.

FIG. 6B shows a perspective view of another embodiment similar to FIGS. 5D and 5F. The user 3 views the image display device 4 through the beamsplitter 2. The camera 1 is positioned behind a black panel, which is the panel 8 in this embodiment, with only the lens exposed. The opening for the camera lens should be black so that it is not visible as a reflection in the beamsplitter. However, for this illustration the reflected lens 251 is shown in its position reflected in the beamsplitter 2 as a superimposed image with the image of a participant 252 transmitted from a remote location.

The plane 17 of the image display surface of the image display device 4, the plane of the top surface of the black panel 8 and the plane of the front semi-reflective surface of the beamsplitter 2 converge into a single line. The angle between the plane of the front surface of the black panel 8 and the plane of the front semi-reflective surface of the beamsplitter 2 is equal to the angle of the plane of the front semi-reflective surface of the beamsplitter 2 and the plane of the image display surface 17 of the image display device 4.

The right edge of the image display device 258 matches in the reflection in the beamsplitter with the right edge 259 of the panel 8. The left edge of the image display device 259 matches with the reflection of the left edge 255 of the panel 8.

The area behind the image display device 4 may be more brightly illuminated than the table surface 256 or the floor 257 so that the view of the room setting is more visible through the beamsplitter 2 than the superimposed reflection of the desk 256 or floor 257.

FIG. 6C is a top view of the eye contact communications system shown in FIG. 6B. The width of the panel 8 matches the width of the image display device 4. The image display device right edge 258 is aligned with the black panel right edge 254 and the image display device left edge 259 is aligned with the black panel left edge 255.

FIG. 6D is another view of FIG. 6C with the addition of lights 261 and a wall surface 260. Placing the system close to a wall positions the image plane of the image display device 4 close enough to the wall 260 to provide a sense of a continuity of the image plane of the image display device expanding to the plane of the wall 260. This visual impression may be accentuated by illuminating the wall 260 behind the image display device 4 with a color that matches the background color displayed on the image display device. As an example, the remote location for the distance communication may video the users against a blue backdrop. When this video image with the blue background is displayed, it may be advantageous to illuminate the wall behind the image display device with blue lighting.

FIG. 7 shows a black enclosure 58 containing an image display device with the exposed image area 17 viewed through the two-way mirror 2 by the observer 3. The image 17 is located at a first plane. A backdrop 24 is reflected in the two-way mirror 2 to appear as a reflected image 25 at a second plane. The left and right edges 20 of the backdrop extend toward the two-way mirror 2 to a position that is viewed as a reflection in the two-way mirror at the first plane to match the left and right front edges of the image display enclosure 58.

FIG. 8 shows multiple levels 22 of the backdrop between the front edge 20 and the back of the backdrop 24. This pattern may be used to establish a greater sense of depth as the backdrop is viewed as a reflected image extending from the first plane to the second plane 25. The steps back (i.e., the multiple levels) 22 may become smaller as they extend back to the second plane 25. In this way it may create a foreshortening effect, similar to that used in theatrical stage sets to create an increased sense of depth.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of FIG. 8. In this illustration, the side of the black enclosure of image display device 58 matches the side of the backdrop 26. As viewed from any angle in front of the two-way mirror 2 the superimposed edges will match. In this way, the view of the full area of the image display enclosure 58 will be matched with the superimposed images of backdrop surfaces 20, 22 and 24 and the image of a person 7 within the image display area 17. The image of the person 7 on the first plane will appear to be in front of the reflected backdrop on the second plane 25, which will achieve a three-dimensional visual effect.

Another advantageous feature of this configuration is that the area to the left and the right of the black enclosure of image display device 58 will be visible through the two-way mirror 2 to the three-dimensional room setting 12. The area 19 outside of the backdrop area may be black so that it does not superimpose light to the view of the room setting 12 as the area 19 is seen as a reflection in the two-way mirror 2. The user 3 may also see a reflection of the floor in the two-way mirror 2. However, the floor may be dark and the room setting 12 may be light so that only the room setting 12 is visible in a view through the two-way mirror 2. Since the room setting 12 is seen through the two-way mirror 2, the sense of presence of the person 7 is enhanced by viewing the transmitted person 7 in the context of the depth cues of both a backdrop and a three-dimensional room setting.

Light objects 10 in the room setting will not adversely affect the quality of the image 7 of the transmitted person since the light object 10 is blocked by the image display enclosure 58. The superimposed image of the reflected backdrop 25 matches to the position of the image display enclosure 58 to provide the optimal brightness for the display of the image 7 while allowing the observer 3 to clearly see the objects 10 appearing to the side of the image display enclosure 58. In this manner, the observer 3 gains a perception of the three-dimensional setting of the room while having the controlled display of the image 7 against the superimposed image 25 of the backdrop.

The sides 26 of the backdrop may be a depth that will equal the depth of the sides 27 of the image display enclosure 58. In this way, the actual physical dimensions of the image display enclosure 58 will match the reflected backdrop in the superimposed view of both. This depth of the sides 26 and 27 may be minimal, such as 3″ to 4″ for the front portion of a rear projection television monitor or the depth of a plasma monitor.

In FIG. 10, a black panel 28 is physically located in a second plane behind or on the back of the image display enclosure 58. The exposed exterior of the image display enclosure 58 (other than the actual image display area 17) is preferably covered in a matt black surface to absorb light and minimize reflections. The black panel 28 is located the same distance away from the two-way mirror 2 as the backdrop 30 so that the reflection of the backdrop appears in the second plane to match to the position of the black panel 28.

In this illustration, an optional pair of protrusions 32 is positioned so that their reflection on the two-way mirror 2 matches the first plane of the front two edges 59 of the image display enclosure 58. The protrusions 32 reflect in the two-way mirror 2 to appear to be on the first plane in front of the reflected backdrop 28 on the second plane. Since the protrusions 32 match the perceived positions of the sides 59 of the image display enclosure 58, the reflection masks the edge 59 of the black enclosure image display device 58 from the observer 3. The protrusions 32 preferably contain lights that illuminate the backdrop 30 (and hence provide a controlled illumination of the backdrop 30 to achieve the preferred brightness to appear superimposed with the image 17).

FIG. 11 shows a plan view of FIG. 10. The backdrop 30 is the same width as the black panel 28 so that the reflection of the backdrop 30 in the two-way mirror 2 appears in the second plane to match the width of the black panel 28. The pair of protrusions 32, preferably containing lights, is positioned above the backdrop 30 in a location matching the width of the image display enclosure 58 at the front edges 59. The black panel 28 on the second plane is wider than the width of the image area 17 on the first plane so that an observer 3 would see the image area 17 contained within the width of the black panel 28 while viewing the depth relationship of the image area 17 on the first plane in front of the reflected backdrop in the position of the black panel 28.

An observer 38 located off to a side of the central axis could view the image area 17 on the first plane shifted to one side relative to the black panel 28 on the second plane. The observer 38 views from a position where the line of sight 63 passes the front edge 59 of the image display enclosure 58 on the first plane and also passes the right edge of the black panel 28 on the second plane. The observer 38 can view the three-dimensional depth cues of objects in the room setting, such as an object 65 close to the edge of the black panel 28. An observer 39 is located further to the side of the central axis and has a line of sight 64 that passes the front edge 59 of the image display enclosure 58 on the first plane. However, from the position of the observer 39 a portion of the view of the room setting close to the right edge of the black panel 28 on the second plane is blocked by the image display enclosure 58. From the position of observer 39 the object 65 would be blocked from view. Since the backdrop 30 is viewed as a reflection in the second plane at the width of the black panel 28, the observer 39 will see a portion of the view from the right edge of the reflected backdrop 30 to the line of sight 64 passing the right edge 59 as a section of the image display enclosure 58. This is an undesirable effect since the observer 39 would miss the view of some depth cues, such as an object 65. It would be possible to increase the width of the black panel 28 and the corresponding width of the backdrop 30, but this would decrease the view of the background. Therefore, it is logical to determine an optimal viewing angle for observers with the understanding that viewing from outside of this range of viewing would result in an undesirable visual effect.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of FIGS. 10 and 11. The advantage of this configuration is that the appearance of the remote person 7 would not be contained within a box with sides matching to the front edge 59 of the image display enclosure 58. The image of the transmitted person 7 would appear to be on a first plane in front of the reflected backdrop 21 on a second plane and within the context of the room setting 12.

FIG. 13A shows an embodiment with the displayed view for the observer 3 comprising three planes. The closest plane is the first plane with the image 17 displayed on the image display device. Protrusions 32 incorporating lights are located in front of the two-way mirror 2 in a position to be reflected as superimposed reflections on the first plane. The second plane is behind the first plane at the location of the back edge 35 of the image display enclosure 58. The middle portion of the backdrop 36 reflects in the two-way mirror 2 at a location 37 further behind the second plane for the location of the third plane. In this embodiment, the backdrop has sides 31 that extend from the backdrop middle section 36 on the reflected third plane to the front edges of the sides 34 which match to the location of the reflected second plane. The width of the image display enclosure 58 at the back edges 35 on the second plane is the same as the width of the backdrop at the edges of the sides 34 reflected on the second plane. Both the back edges 35 and the backdrop edges 34 appear superimposed at the same location of the second plane. To the left and right of the area comprised of the image display enclosure 58 and the backdrop 36 and backdrop sides 31, the observer will see through the two-way mirror 2 to the room setting behind. In the area of the superimposed images of the image display device and the backdrop the observer will see three planes, comprised of the first plane of the image 17 on the image display device, the second plane of the matched edges of the back edge 35 of the image display enclosure and the forward edge 34 of the backdrop sides 31 and further back to a third plane formed by the back of the backdrop 36 viewed as a superimposed reflection in the location 37. The embodiment has a camera 1 and codec 40 positioned below the backdrop 36. The camera 1 views a reflection off a mirror 42 and sees through an aperture 29 in the backdrop 36. The two-way mirror 2 is held by a rod 49 that is supported by a diagonal structural member 56.

FIG. 14A illustrates a front view of the embodiment in FIG. 13A. The protrusions holding the lights 32 are positioned at the same width as the front edges 59 of the image display enclosure 58. When viewed as a reflection on the two-way mirror 2 the protrusions 32 will appear superimposed on the first plane over the front edges 59 of the image display enclosure 58, which may help to obscure a direct view of the front edges as seen through the two-way mirror 2. Behind the first plane at the locations of a second plane is the back edge 35 of the image display enclosure 58 and the reflected view of the top edge 34 of the sides 31 of the backdrop. Further, behind is a third plane comprised of the reflected view of the back of the backdrop 36. A camera 1 and codec 40 are located below the backdrop 36 on a shelf 41.

FIG. 15A illustrates a top view of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 14A. This illustration shows the depth relationships of the three planes. The first plane is at the location of the image area 17 displayed on the image display device 57. The second plane is further behind at the location of the back edges 35 of the image display enclosure 58. The third plane is the furthest back at location 37, which is the reflected view of the middle of the backdrop 36. The camera 1 and codec 40 are located below the backdrop 36. The camera views a reflection off a mirror 42 and sees through an aperture 29.

FIG. 16A illustrates the same top view of FIG. 15A with the addition of sight lines for observers. Observer 38 has a line of sight 63 that passes by the front edge 59 of the image display enclosure 58 and back edge 35 of the image display enclosure 58. Observer 66 on the opposite side has a line of sight 68 which also passes the front edge 59 and back edges 35. The preferred angle of view 67 has optimal viewing of the visual effect. In this illustration, the lines of sight 63 and 68 are each 45 degrees off the central axis for a total preferred viewing angle of 90 degrees.

FIG. 13B shows an embodiment that is contained within a free standing structure 270 with minimized light being superimposed. This structure 270 may take the form of a cart with casters 50. The panel 8, which is a black panel in this embodiment, may be at a height close to the height of the table 33. If the structure 270 was positioned close to the table 33, it could appear to be an extension of the table. The total depth from front to back of the structure 270 may be less than the width of a standard single doorway. The user 3 may sit at a separate table 33. The user 3 may view forward along a line of sight 220 to view the display of a remote participant appearing to be life-size at eye level on the image display device 4. This line of sight will be reflected on the beamsplitter 2 in the direction 221, which will be reflected on the mirror 42 in the direction 238 to the camera 1. This embodiment achieves a minimal physical size while providing eye contact.

FIG. 14B shows a front section view of the eye contact communications system structure 270 of the embodiment in FIG. 13B. The camera 1 is positioned below the black panel 8. The image display device 4 is behind the beamsplitter 2. The beamsplitter 2 may be wider at the top than at the bottom. The black panel 8 may be a width that matches the width of the image display device 4.

FIG. 15B shows a top section view of the eye contact communications system illustrated in FIG. 13B and FIG. 14B. The image display device 4 is directly behind the black panel 8. The camera 1 views forward to the mirror 42. The beamsplitter 2 may be wider at the front than at the back.

FIG. 16B shows a user 3 viewing the eye contact communications system in FIG. 15B. The user 3 has a line of sight 271 at the left edge of the image display device 4, which views to a wall 260. The wall 260 is illuminated by set of lights 261. The beamsplitter 2 is wider at the front, which makes it possible for the line of sight 271 to be through the beamsplitter 2 from the bottom to the top as the user views the image display device 4. If the beamsplitter 2 would be only the width of the black panel 8, the line of sight 272 at the top of the beamsplitter 2 would expose a direct view of the image display device 4. The width of the top of the beamsplitter 2 can be specified to be wide enough to cover the desired direction 271 of the angle of viewing from the side. However, it is important to note that the viewing of the image display device 4 in a direction 272 that directly exposes the image on the image display device 4 is not a serious problem in terms of the visual effect.

FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13A, 14A, 15A, and 16A. The observer 3 views through the two-way mirror 2 to see the superimposed images on three planes, including a first plane with the image of a transmitted person 7 as displayed in the image display area 17. The second plane is comprised of the superimposed and matched locations of the back edge 35 of the enclosure of the image display device 58 and the reflected view of the top edge 34 of the sides of the backdrop 31. A third plane is furthest back comprised of the reflected view 37 of the backdrop 36. This perspective view illustrates the potential to see through the two-way mirror 2 to a background 74 that is to the left of the back edge 35 of the image display enclosure. In addition to the depth cues in the three planes showing the transmitted image of a person 7 and the backdrop panels 31 and 36, the observer 3 can see the depth relationship to the three-dimensional setting of the room. In particular, objects such as a lamp 73 can be a depth cue and contribute to the illusion that the transmitted person 7 is within the context of the three-dimensional room setting. All of the aforementioned visual effects contribute to a perception that the transmitted person 7 is actually in the room and engaging with face-to-face communication with eye contact with the observer 3.

FIG. 18 through FIG. 25 illustrate a method of collapsing the embodiment of FIGS. 13A, 14A, 15A, and 16A into a compact structure. FIG. 18 illustrates a front view of the embodiment with the side panels of the backdrop 31 and the light structures 32 folded inward. FIG. 19 is a side view of the same embodiment with the side panels 31 folded inward. FIG. 20 shows the backdrop comprising the back panel 36 and the sides 31 folded back at pivot point 72. A pair of hinges may be used at position 72 to rotate down the backdrop assembly. The camera 1 and codec 40 are attached to shelf 41 to hold them in position.

FIG. 21 shows the overhead black panel 16 and the attached overhead extension panel 62 rotated downward. FIG. 22 illustrates the two-way mirror 2 with the overhead panel 16 and overhead extension panel 62 in the process of being rotated downward at pivot point 51. A pair of hinges may be used at pivot point 51 for rotating the two-way mirror assembly. The supporting rod 49 may be attached to a fixed position on the frame of the two-way mirror 2 with a rotating mechanism 75. The rotating mechanism 75 may be ball joint to allow for a complex angular movement of the angled edge of the two-way mirror 2 as it is lowered. The lower edge of the structural rod 49 may comprise a slider mechanism 76 that glides on the diagonal structural member 56.

FIG. 23 illustrates the two-way mirror 2 lowered to a position parallel with the diagonal structural member 49 with the overhead panel 16 and overhead extension panel 62 on top. FIG. 24 shows the overhead extension panel 62 rotated upward to cover the two-way mirror 2. In this closed position, the image display area 17 in the image display enclosure 58 is in clear view for the display of normal video or computer display material. In this closed position, the total system may be narrow enough to roll through a standard single door with the communications system on casters 50.

FIG. 25 shows the enclosure 58 for the image display device rotated downward at pivot point 77. In this arrangement, the system is compact for placement in a shipping container for shipping. The embodiments in FIG. 18 through 25 may similarly be applied to the embodiments in FIGS. 13B, 14B, 15B, and 16B.

FIG. 26 shows an observer 3 seated at a table 33 with an angle of view 43 looking forward to see an image 17 displayed on an image display device 4 on a first plane with a reflected backdrop 21 superimposed behind on a second plane. Along this same angle of view 43 the observer 3 sees a view 44 of a reflection of a backdrop 30, which is located below the two-way mirror 2. The reflection appears on a second plane that is in a location 21 behind the first plane of the image on the image display device 17. A camera 1 is placed on a shelf 41 that is incorporated into the backdrop 30. The camera 1 could be attached to a codec 40. A mirror 42 is positioned in the path of the view of the camera 1. The two-way mirror could be angled at 45 degrees so that a horizontal backdrop would appear to be vertical in the reflection. However, in this illustration, the two-way mirror 2 is angled at 50 degrees with the backdrop at 10 degrees from horizontal. Other variations in angles could be implemented to achieve an end result of a reflection of a vertical superimposed backdrop at the second plane 21.

FIG. 27 shows the angle of the view 45 of the camera 1 as it is reflected off the mirror 42 directly in front of the camera 1. For the best quality of image the mirror 42 may be a front surface mirror to eliminate any unwanted secondary reflection that could be a problem with a normal glass mirror. The mirror 42 is angled so that the camera will see the angle of view 46 of the observation zone as a reflection off the two-way mirror 2. Since the mirror 42 is added in front of the camera 1, it is possible for the camera to be placed in a horizontal position on a shelf 41. This has the advantage that it is easier to place a camera 1 on a horizontal shelf 41 than securing it to a supporting structure to hold it in a vertical orientation. Another advantage of the mirror 42 is that it eliminates the problem of capturing a reversed image as would result from a single reflection off the two-way mirror 2. The double reflection results in an image captured by the camera 1 that is not inverted or flipped. This illustration shows that the direction 47 of camera 1 views a line of sight 48 that aligns with the eyes of a transmitted person appearing on the image display area 17. It is not necessary for the observer 3 and the transmitted person to be at the same height since eye contact can be achieved with the correct position of the camera at the eye level of the displayed person.

FIG. 28 shows the path of the view of the camera 45 as it views through the two-way mirror 2 to the black panel 16 positioned above the two-way mirror 2. In this way, extraneous light and non-essential images (e.g., the ceiling) that would detract from observation of the desired image are minimized.

FIG. 29 shows an embodiment of the invention in an enclosure 54 with an observer 3 seated at a table 33. The image display area 17 on a first plane displays a portion of a life size image of a person from a remote location. The camera 1 is positioned in a backdrop 30 below the two-way mirror 2. The camera 1 is positioned to be horizontal so that it views the reflection off a mirror 42. A black overhead panel 16 is above the two-way mirror 2. The reflected image of the backdrop 30 is viewed on a second plane as a superimposed image 21 behind the first plane of the remote person displayed on the image display area 17.

FIG. 30 shows a portion of the backdrop 30 rotated on a pivot point 52 so that it can be folded back when the system is not in use. The mirror 42 for the camera 1 rotates back with the portion of the backdrop.

FIG. 31 shows the two-way mirror 2 rotated on a pivot point 51 to fold down to the lower position.

FIG. 32 shows the black overhead panel 16 folded back along a pivot point 53.

FIG. 33 shows the system in a closed position to contain the specialist display technology within the enclosure 54. The observer 3 can view the image display area 17 directly for normal viewing of video or computer images. The system is on casters 50 so that it can be rolled to another location. The system could be narrow enough to fit through an opening for a single door.

FIG. 34A shows a configuration that provides a combination of a desk and a display system within a single enclosure 60. The two-way mirror 2 reflects a backdrop 30 that is integrated into the desk. The camera 1 is positioned horizontally with a mirror 42 in front of it so that the line of eye contact 48 is reflected 47 to the camera 1. A black panel 16 is positioned above the two-way mirror 2. The reflection of the backdrop 31 appears to be on a second plane behind the image display area 17 on a first plane.

FIG. 34B shows a complete eye contact communications system within a structure 60 that may be on casters 50. The user views forward at eye level to the image display device 4 along a line of sight 48, which is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 along the direction 47 to a mirror 42 that is reflected to the camera 1 along the direction 238. A light-absorbing surface 16 is positioned above the beamsplitter 2 and a panel 8, which is a black panel, is positioned below the beamsplitter 2. The user 3 can touch a computer interface 273, such as a keyboard or touch panel, on a shelf 274. The shelf 274 may be on slides to retract into the structure 60. When the shelf 274 is retracted the eye contact communications system structure 60 may be narrow enough to pass through a standard single doorway.

FIG. 34C is similar to FIG. 34B, except that the beamsplitter 2 is angled upwards. The light-absorbing surface 16 is below the beamsplitter 2 and the black panel 8 is above the beamsplitter 2. The user views forward at eye level to the image display device 4 along the direction 48, which is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 along the direction 47 to a mirror 42 that is reflected to the camera 1 along the direction 238.

FIG. 35 shows the two-way mirror 2 folded down on a pivot point 51 to lay horizontal on the top of the backdrop 30.

FIG. 36 shows the black overhead panel 16 folded down to lay horizontal on top of the two-way mirror 2.

FIG. 37 shows an additional section of panel 62 that is flipped over to cover the remainder of the horizontal surface. The exposed top of the black panels 16 and 62 could be comprised of a material that is well suited to form the top of the desk. In this closed position, the observer 3 could directly view the image display area 17.

FIG. 38A shows an embodiment that can be placed on a table or desk 33. The system has a two-way mirror 2 that is angled to reflect a backdrop 30. A camera 1 is positioned in the backdrop 30. The camera 1 is horizontal with a mirror 42 in front that is angled upward along a line of sight 47 toward the two-way mirror 2 so that it matches the line of sight 48 for eye contact with the observer 3. A black overhead panel 16 is in the camera view as seen through the two-way mirror 2. The reflected backdrop 23 on a second plane appears to be behind the image display area 17 on a first plane.

FIG. 38B shows a similar structure 61 without much light being superimposed. The user 3 views forward at eye level to the image display device 4 along a line of sight 48, which is reflected in the beamsplitter 2 along the direction 47 to a mirror 42 that is reflected to the camera 1 along the direction 238. A light-absorbing surface 16 is positioned above the beamsplitter 2 and a black panel 8 is positioned below the beamsplitter 2.

FIG. 39 shows the two-way mirror 2 and the overhead light-absorbing surface 16 rotated downward for the two-way mirror 2 to be parallel with the panel 8. FIG. 40 shows the two-way mirror 2 and black panel 16 rotated downward to be parallel with the two-way mirror 2. In this configuration the image display device 4 may be observed directly to view video or computer images on the image display area 17.

FIG. 41 shows an embodiment of the invention that is at a height that is somewhat higher than eye level for a seated person so that the display can be viewed by either a seated observer 3 or a standing observer 70. In this embodiment, the image display device 78 is a rear projection video display system that is supported on a base unit 71. The two-way mirror 2 is connected to a base unit with a hinge or other pivoting device 51. A backdrop 30 is connected to the base unit 71 with a pivoting device 55. A camera 1 is in a horizontal orientation and is placed on a shelf 41 that is incorporated into the backdrop 30. A mirror 42 in front of the camera is at an angle so that the camera views the reflection of the observation zone with the observer 3. An overhead black panel 16 is positioned above the two-way mirror 2 to block any light from exposing the view of the camera 1 through the two-way mirror.

FIG. 42 shows the backdrop 30 rotated at a pivot point 55 to a position within the base unit 71.

FIG. 43 shows the two-way mirror 2 rotated down at a pivot point 51 to a vertical position with the overhead black panel 16 attached. FIG. 44 shows the overhead black panel 16 rotated along the front edge of the two-way mirror 53 to a vertical position in front of the two-way mirror 2. The exposed surface of the black overhead panel 16 could be comprised of a material that provides protection of the two-way mirror 2 and is aesthetically pleasing for the exposed front of the system. In this closed position, the image display area 17 is in clear view of the observers 3 and 70 so that it can be used for the display of normal video and computer graphics using the image display device 78. The system is on casters 50 so that the system could be rolled into a room for usage. The system could be narrow enough to roll through an opening for a single door.

FIG. 45 shows an embodiment of the invention that matches the line of sight 48 of a seated observer 3 with the height of the eye level of a person displayed on the image display area 17. Since the display is at eye level for a seated person, it is necessary for the two-way mirror 2 to be longer than the configuration illustrated in FIG. 41 through 44 so that a standing person 70 can view the image display area 17. The base unit 71 could have a mechanical device 82 that could raise and lower the communication system. In this way, the image of the transmitted person could be raised for horizontal eye contact with a standing observer 70 or lowered for horizontal eye contact with a seated observer 3.

In this configuration, the black overhead panel 16 preferably does not extend to the top of the image display enclosure 58. The smaller size overhead panel 16 is adequate to block light within the angle of view 45 of the camera 1. The black overhead panel 16 could be angled so that it does not block the view from the position of the observer 3. The observer could see a view 80 through to the space between the image display enclosure 58 and the black overhead panel 16 so that the image of the displayed remote person does not appear to be confined by the black overhead panel 16. This would increase the perception of a sense of presence of the remote person within the three-dimensional setting of the room.

FIG. 46 shows the black overhead panel 16 rotated down as an initial step of closing the system for storage or moving. The two-way mirror 2 is held by a structure 72, which extends beyond the pivot point 51. FIG. 47 shows the two-way mirror 2 rotated upward at the pivot point 51 to a vertical position. The structure 72 holding the two-way mirror 2 extends below the position of rotation 51. A mechanical device 81 (e.g., a pneumatic cylinder or spring-loaded device) could be attached to the structure 72 at the end of the extension below the position of rotation 51, to assist in raising the two-way mirror 2. FIG. 48 shows the pair of protrusions 32, preferably including illumination sources, raised to a vertical position. FIG. 49 shows the backdrop 30 raised to a vertical position from pivot point 55. In this closed arrangement the communication system could be narrow enough to fit through a standard single door opening. The communication system is preferably on casters 50 to make it easy to move.

FIG. 50A shows an embodiment of the invention integrated into a retail display or information kiosk. The two-way mirror 2 is angled to reflect a backdrop 95 above. The camera 1 is positioned along the line of sight of the image of a person displayed on the image display area 17. The backdrop 95 is reflected to appear as a superimposed image 96 behind the image display area 17. A keyboard 94 could be used to input information. Shelves 91 could be used for products. A dispensing device 97 could be used to dispense products. A payment device 90 could accept cash or credit card payments. A storage area 93 could be used to provide products for the dispensing device 97.

FIG. 50B shows an eye contact communications structure 275 that may minimize superimposing images and that could be used as a retail display, information kiosk, vending machine or similar free standing structure. The user 3 looks forward along a line of sight 48 to make a perceived eye contact with a remote participant appearing on the image display device 4. The beamsplitter 2 reflects along the line of sight 47 to the camera which is integrated into a black panel 8. Below the beamsplitter is a light-absorbing surface 16. A computer interface 273 is available for interaction with the communications system. The system may incorporate a codec 40 for coding the outgoing video and audio transmission and decoding of the incoming signals. A dispensing machine 276 may be included and this may have a storage compartment 277 for holding the money or products to be dispensed. The system may include shelves 278 for products.

FIG. 50C shows an eye contact communications module 279 that may be a fully self contained module to fit into a wall 280. This same module 279 could be placed on a supporting base, hung from a ceiling, attached to a wall, placed on a cart or integrated into another structure. The module 279 could be used as an ATM machine for a customer to communicate with a bank representative with eye contact. The module 279 could be used as a sales kiosk within a store or in a public place for communication with sales representatives with eye contact. The system could be an information point for government, police, community services, social services, travel services, tourism information and other services that would benefit from live communication with eye contact. The user 3 looks forward along a line of sight 48 to make a perceived eye contact with a person appearing on the image display device 4. The beamsplitter 2 reflects along the line of sight 47 to the camera which is integrated into a black panel 8. Below the beamsplitter is a light-absorbing surface 16. An interactive panel 281 is available for interaction with the communications system. A dispensing machine 276 is available for dispensing cash, gift cards, receipts, information pamphlets, government forms, food vouchers, travel tickets, show and entertainment tickets, and other material that supports the communication with the user 3. The module 279 may have a computer 282 and a codec 40.

FIG. 50D shows an eye contact communications system structure 283. The structure 283 could be a free standing kiosk that could be placed in an airport, shopping mall, store, community center, government facility, or other place accessed by potential users. The structure 283 could be designed to be placed within a climate controlled environment or could be designed to be placed outdoors. The user 3 looks forward along a line of sight 48 to make a perceived eye contact with a person appearing on the image display device 4. The beamsplitter 2 reflects along the line of sight 47 to the camera which is integrated into a black panel 8. The black panel 8 is positioned a distance above the top of the beamsplitter 2. This position of the black panel 8 allows for a taller person to see into the system to the image display device 4. Below the beamsplitter is a light-absorbing surface 16. An interactive panel 281 is available for interaction with the communications system. The system may also have a computer interface 273.

FIG. 50E is a front view of the kiosk structure 283. At the front of the system may be an interactive panel 281 and a computer interface 273. In this embodiment, the black panel 8 is extended upwards to allow for clear viewing into the area of the image display device 4. However, the parameter of the width of the image display device 4 and the overhead black panel 8 may be the same width. The image display device left edge 259 is aligned with the black panel left edge 255, and the image display device right edge 258 is aligned with the black panel right edge 254.

FIG. 51 shows a large embodiment. A standing observer 70 could view a life-size person appearing on a front projection screen 104. A projector 100 could be positioned above the two-way mirror 2 to project at an acute angle 101 toward the screen 104. A backdrop 105 could be positioned below the two-way mirror 2. The backdrop 105 would reflect in the two-way mirror 2 to appear to be a superimposed backdrop 106 on a second plane behind the image plane of the screen 104 on a first plane. A camera 1 could be incorporated into the backdrop 105. A black panel 16 could be positioned above the two-way mirror 2. A black light baffle 103 could be positioned between the camera 1 and the projector 100 so that the projector is not within the view of the camera 1.

FIG. 52 shows the configuration illustrated in FIG. 51 with the two-way mirror 2 rotated 90 degrees at a pivot point 107. A projector 109 is positioned below a table height panel 110. Further details regarding this configuration are provided with respect to FIG. 53.

FIG. 53 shows a presenter 111 standing in a position within the view 108 of a camera 1. The camera 1 is located below the two-way mirror 2 with a small aperture 115 to view through a front projection screen 113. A black panel 16 is above the two-way mirror so that the camera view through the two-way mirror 2 does not add light to the camera image. The front projection screen 113 could be rolled out from a tube 116 to cover the backdrop 105. The camera 1 is positioned to be at eye level for the presenter 111 so that the presenter is captured at the correct angle for display at a distant location at a system as illustrated in FIG. 51. The presenter sees the reflection 114 of the image projected on the screen 113 by the projector 109 below the table height panel 110.

This configuration could allow a teacher to present to both a class in the same room and, simultaneously, present to a class in a distant location using a system as shown in FIG. 51. The teacher 111 would be able to make eye contact with a person 70 in the room when the room is illuminated bright enough for the teacher to clearly see the student in the room. The lighting in the class room could be dimmed so that the teacher could clearly see the reflected image 114 of the remote classroom. The teacher could easily switch between discussions with the class present in the room or two-way interaction with the class in the distant location. The teacher would be directing his or her attention in the same direction for both locations so that all students would appear to be having the presentation directed toward them. The image of the teacher could be transmitted to an unlimited number of locations simultaneously. Any interaction with a selected location would appear directly in front of the teacher for natural interaction.

A flat panel monitor 112 could be positioned at a selected height by the presenter for making notations that would be displayed for the class. Since the teacher would be facing in the direction of the classes, he or she would not need to turn away from the class as would be done with a classic blackboard.

FIG. 54 shows a front view of the configuration of the large telepresence system illustrated in FIG. 51. The image area 117 is large enough for the presenter to move freely. A screen 119 shows graphics, such as a PowerPoint show or live annotations by the presenter. The image of the transmitted presenter 118 appears life-size above the level of a table 110. A projector 100 projects the image of the presenter 118. A second projector 102 projects the image of the graphic visual support 119. A backdrop 105 is reflected to appear behind the presenter 118 and the presentation screen 119.

FIG. 55 shows the front view of FIG. 53 with a portion of the image area 119 dedicated to a presentation, such as a PowerPoint show. This image could be projected by a second projector 102 so that the graphic image 119 would have the necessary brightness and high resolution. The image of the teacher needs to be in real time for interaction without any delay. In order to avoid excessive requirements for bandwidth, this real time image is compressed. However, a graphic display 119 does not have the same requirement for quick refreshing of the image. Therefore a high resolution image can be transmitted with a small bandwidth with a slower refresh rate. It may be more practical to have one transmission for the live presentation of the teacher and a second transmission for the graphic support. Furthermore, the graphic display could be contained on a computer at the location of the class with a data sharing software to allow the presenter 111 to send commands to trigger the advancing of the images.

A flat panel monitor 112 could be positioned at a comfortable height for the presenter 111 for making notations while standing in front of the class. The notations made by the presenter could appear on the screen 119 to the side. The presenter 111 can stand to the side or can walk into the area of the image of the projected image to provide annotations.

FIG. 56A shows a side section view of an embodiment of the invention that incorporates a second image display device 69, which could be an LCD monitor, plasma monitor or other type of image display device. The second image display device 69 is held in position with a mounting bracket 79. The second image display device 69 could be used for supporting visuals, such as PowerPoint presentations, computer graphics, financial data, drawings, illustrations and various other visuals. This configuration is designed so that the second image display device 69 and the mounting bracket 79 could be removed for usage of the communications system without the display of supporting visuals.

A camera 1 is positioned on top of a codec 40, which is used for coding and decoding video and audio transmission for the two-way communications. The codec 40 is placed on a horizontal shelf 41. The camera 1 is in a horizontal orientation viewing forward to a reflection off a mirror 42. The angle of view 45 off the mirror 42 is in an upward direction toward the two-way mirror 2. The view through the two-way mirror 2 is of the black out panel 16, which does not add any light to the camera image since it is substantially black. The reflection off the two-way mirror 2 is in a forward angle of view 46, which encompasses the observation zone including observers 3 and 70.

The two-way mirror 2 is held in position by a bracket 125 at the bottom edge and a bracket 126 at the top edge. The overhead panel 16 preferably acts as a structural tension member to hold the two-way mirror 2 at the desired angle. A set of hinges 127 holds the overhead panel 16 securely to the structure of the image display device enclosure 58. When the two-way mirror 2 is installed the overhead panel 16 could be rotated upward toward a vertical position while positioning the two-way mirror 2 on the supporting bracket 125. The hinges 127 preferably have a constant torque tension so that the overhead panel 16 would remain in an upward position while the two-way mirror 2 would be installed. Once the two-way mirror 2 is positioned on the lower supporting bracket 125 the overhead panel 16 could be lowered to allow a bracket 126 to overlap the top edge of the two-way mirror 2.

The observers 3 and 70 view through the two-way mirror 2 to see the image of a transmitted person appearing on the image display device 17. The two-way mirror 2 reflects a backdrop comprised of a back panel 36 and an angled front panel 87, which are viewed by the observer as the reflected back panel 37 and the reflected front angled panel 88. The top edges of the left and right side panels 34 are aligned to match the left and right back edges 35 of the image display enclosure 58.

The observers 3 and 70 will see the superimposed image of a transmitted person appearing on the screen of the image display device 17, which will be defined as a first plane being the closest to the observers. A second plane will be defined to be the location behind the first plane where the left and right back edges 35 of the image display device enclosure 58 match to the reflected image of the top edges 34 of the side panels of the backdrop. The third plane is defined as the more distant location behind the second plane where the back panel of the backdrop 36 is viewed as a reflection in the location of the dashed line 37. The top panel 87 of the backdrop extends from the second plane back to the third plane in the location of the dashed line 88.

A speaker 83 is located below the codec 40. The system is on casters 50 so that it can be easily moved within the room or between different locations. The seated observer 3 can input commands through a keyboard 121, which is connected to a computer 120 by way of a cable 122. The computer 120 is connected to the second image display device 69 by way of a cable 123. One skilled in the art will recognize that in other embodiments, the computer could be integrated within the housing of the telepresence display system.

FIG. 57A shows a front section view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 56A. A camera 1 is positioned above a codec 40, which is on a shelf 41. A speaker 83 is located below the shelf 41. Lights 85 are located in the enclosure behind the backdrop sides 31. The backdrop sides 31 are backlit display panels, which could be comprised of a white plastic light diffusion surface covered with a color transparency of a graphic or photographic image. The image on the color transparency could be of a composition that is optimal as the reflected backdrop sides 124 for the superimposed images of the transmitted person or people on the image display screen 17. The image on the transparency of the backdrop side 31 could incorporate a perspective view to accentuate depth or a texture to provide a depth cues. In particular, the transparency image could be of the optimal brightness to be bright enough to clearly view the reflected backdrop sides 124 in its relationship to the first plane of the image display device screen 17 incorporating the image of the transmitted person or people, however, not so bright that the superimposed image of the side backdrop panels 124 burn through the image of the first plane 17.

The back panel of the backdrop 36 incorporates an opening 29 for the view of the camera 1. The back panel of the backdrop 36 could be black so that it does not accentuate the opening 29, which is preferably dark or black in the area of the camera 1. When the back panel of the backdrop 36 is viewed as a reflection in the two-way mirror 2, it appears as a vertical panel 37 in the middle of the image area of the display screen 17. It is ideal for the reflected back backdrop panel 37 to be dark or black so that it does not superimpose any light onto the face or body of the transmitted person appearing in the middle of the screen 17. Likewise, it is preferable for the reflected front backdrop panel 88 to be dark so that it also does not superimpose light onto the face of the person appearing on the screen of the image display device 17. It is important to note that the sense of depth in the embodiment of this invention is achieved by the viewing of the telepresent person on the first plane relative to the backdrop appearing in the locations of the second and third plane that are further away. However, it is not necessary that the backdrop covers the full area of the first plane of the image display screen 17. In fact, it could appear more effective to see the telepresent person appearing to be extending out beyond the confines of the backdrop. This visual effect is achieved in this configuration in that the reflected side panels 124 do not cover the full area behind the image display screen 17. As a result, the head and extended arms of a telepresent person appearing on the image display screen 17 will extend above the reflected side panels 124 to accentuate the depth relationship.

FIG. 58A shows a front elevation of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 56A. The second display device 69 is in clear view in front of the image display device 17, which shows the telepresent person. The sound for the communications system emanates from the speaker aperture 84, which could be covered with a speaker grill. The two-way mirror 2 extends beyond the width of the image display device enclosure 58. The black overhead panel 16 is not obtrusive since it matches to the height of the two-way-mirror 2 and the image display enclosure 58.

FIG. 56B shows an eye contact communications system in a structure 290 that comprises a fully self contained telepresence system that minimizes super-imposed images. The user 3 looks forward along a line of sight 48 to make a perceived eye contact with a remote participant appearing on the image display device 4. The beamsplitter 2 reflects along the line of sight 47 to a mirror 42 that reflects in the direction 238 to the camera 1. In this configuration the beamsplitter 2 is angled up more than 45 degrees from a horizontal plane. In this illustration the angle of the beamsplitter is 49 degrees from a horizontal plane. The angle of the mirror is also 49 degrees from a horizontal plane. In order for the reflection of the black panel 8 to be parallel to the vertical plane of the face of the image display device 4, the black panel 8 is angled upwards from a horizontal plane. In this illustration the angle of the black panel 8 is 8 degrees from a horizontal plane. The user 3 can view along the direction 229 to the bottom of the image display device 4. Since the angle of the black panel 8 is close to the bottom of the view direction 229, the user can clearly see the image display device 4 while not viewing much of the black panel 8. Another advantage of this arrangement is that it is possible to place a data monitor 69 in clear view for the user with the top edge of the data monitor 69 just below the extension of the black panel 8. The system may incorporate a computer 282 for the data monitor 69. The user 3 may sit at a table 33 with computer interface 273. The structure 290 may incorporate casters 50.

FIG. 57B is a front section view of FIG. 56B. The beamsplitter 2 is a custom shape that allows for the front portion to be wider for viewing of the image display device 4 from a position of axis from the center. The camera 1 is positioned below the image display device 4. The structure 290 is tapered inward on the sides to minimize the bulk of the system. This section view shows the black panel 8 at the location of the position closest to the beamsplitter 2. The black panel left edge 255 is aligned to the image display device left edge 259 and the black panel right edge 254 is aligned to the image display device right edge 258.

FIG. 58B is a front elevation view of FIGS. 56B and 57B. This front elevation view shows the front edge of the black panel 8, which is higher than the back edge. The black panel left edge 255 is aligned to the image display device left edge 259 and the black panel right edge 254 is aligned to the image display device right edge 258. The data monitor 69 is just under the front edge of the black panel 8. The bottom of the image display device 4 appears to be cut off in this elevation view. However, the image display device 4 will be within view from the height of eye level for a seated user.

FIG. 59 shows a section in plan view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 56A. The camera 1 and codec 40 are below the back panel of the backdrop 36. An aperture 29 is the opening in the back of the backdrop 36. The front panel 87 extends to the back panel 36. The side panels 31 extend from the back panel 36 to the left and right edges 34. The width of the backdrop matches the width of the image display device enclosure 58 so that the left and right edges of the backdrop 34 match to the left and right edges of the enclosure 35. The image display device 57 shows an image on the first plane 17. A depth relationship is achieved by the physical depth relationship between a telepresent person appearing on the image display screen 17 at the first plane and the front edges of the reflected side backdrop panels 124 matching to the left and right edges 35 of the image display enclosure in the second plane. The reflected backdrop sides 124 extend from the edges of enclosure edges 35 in the second plane to the third plane of the reflected view of the reflected back backdrop panel 37.

FIG. 60 shows a plan view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 56A with the black overhead panel 16 above the two-way mirror 2. The structure of the image display device enclosure 58 provides the support for holding the overhead panel 16 with the two-way mirror 2 supported at the front edge.

FIG. 61A shows a perspective view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 56A with a telepresent person 7 appearing in front of the backdrop comprised of the reflected back panel 37, reflected sides panels 124 and reflected front panel 88. The depth relationship of the backdrop sides 124 to the background objects 89 is seen at the edge of the image display enclosure 35 as viewed through the two-way mirror 2. The second image display device 69 is in clear view of the observer 3 who is seated at a table 33.

FIG. 61B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 56B. The user 3 views an image of a life-size participant from a remote location displayed on an image display device 4. The beamsplitter 2 extends on the left side beyond the image display device left side 259 to allow a view through the beamsplitter 2 to see a plant 89 as part of the room setting. On the image display device right side 258 the user views the wall behind through the beamsplitter 2. With lights illuminating behind the image display device 4 the room setting and the wall will be illuminated, which will minimize the superimposed appearance of the reflection of the floor in the beamsplitter 2.

FIG. 62 shows a side view of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 56A and FIG. 56B without the second image display device. The communications system could be narrow enough to fit through a standard single door opening without requiring that the two-way-mirror 2, the overhead panel 16, or the image display enclosure 58 are removed. The communications system could be on casters 50 so that it would be easy to move the system between locations.

FIG. 63 shows another embodiment, which is configured for the transmission of a presenter 128 to a location with a system in an embodiment as previously described. In this embodiment the presenter 128 is positioned in front of a black surface 127 so that the captured image of the presenter 128 will be surrounded by black. When this image of the presenter 128 is displayed on a system with a reflected backdrop, the image of the presenter will appear as a bright and clear image while the rest of the surrounding black image area is not visible so that an illusion is created that the presenter is in the free space in front of the backdrop.

An advantageous application of this embodiment is for capturing the image of a presenter 128 to be transmitted to a location of an audience, classroom or group meeting. For this application, it is not necessary for the presenter to see the group at the remote location appearing in a depth relationship to a superimposed backdrop on a different image plane. The incoming image from a remote location of a group of people in a large room will not have the people appearing against a black background. When people are not appearing on a black background, a superimposed image of a backdrop would generate a conflicting image. Therefore, for this application, it is preferable to have a clear display of the incoming image without any superimposed backdrop. For these reasons, the two-way mirror 2 would reflect a backdrop 99, which could be black. The backdrop 99 is preferably the same width as the width of the image display device 57. Therefore, the presenter 128 will see a clear view of the image on the image display device 57 with no distracting reflection. To the outside of the left and right edges of the image display device 57 the presenter will see the background of the room setting.

The camera 1 could be positioned on top of a codec 152. The camera faces forward to view the reflection off a mirror 42 which in turn views the image reflected off the two-way mirror 2 to capture an image of the observation zone, including a presenter 128. The two-way mirror 2 is supported on a supporting bracket 125 and is held in position by the overhead panel 16, which has a bracket 126 overlapping the top edge of the two-way mirror 2. An image display device 57 could be supported by a structure 102.

A second image display device 153 could be held in position by a mounting bracket 79. The second image display device 153 could overlap the edge of the table 98 so that it is not so high that it would block the view of the image on the image display device 57. The presenter 128 is seated at a small table 33, which is positioned far enough away from the system located on the other table 98 so that the second image display device 153 could be within the gap between the tables and be within a clear view of the presenter 128. It could be helpful for the height of the table 33 to be adjustable so that the table does not block the view of the torso of the presenter 128.

The presenter 128 could use a computer interface device 121, such as a keyboard and mouse or a graphics tablet with a stylus that is connected by a cable 122 to a computer 120. The computer 154 could be connected to the second image display device 153 by a cable 123.

The quality of the image of the presenter 128 could be optimized for the best level of brightness, color temperature and balance by having strategically placed lights 129 and 131. The overhead light 129 could be positioned above the presenter 128 to illuminate a highlight on the top of the head and the shoulders. This highlight can be very effective in providing a clear edge to the head and shoulders of the presenter to stand out from the black background. This is especially important for capturing the image of a presenter with black or dark hair or for a presenter wearing a dark coat or shirt.

The overhead light 129 could have baffles or a method of focus to restrict the light to an angle of coverage 130 that illuminates the presenter 128 without illuminating the black background 127 or allowing light to shine onto the communications system. The front light 131 could have baffles or a method of focus to restrict the light to an angle of coverage 132 that would fall on the presenter without shining onto the second image display device 153 or other components of the communications system.

The backdrop may be monochromatic to minimize the detail in the image. This monochromatic backdrop will require less bandwidth to transmit compared to a backdrop with a significant amount of variation in color and value. This is because the codec compresses the data for the image and a single color of the same value requires less data. The color could be selected to be compatible with the images of people. A pure blue backdrop may provide a “look” that is “corporate”. Other user applications may prefer different color backgrounds.

In this configuration the beamsplitter 2 is angled back at 50 degrees from a horizontal plane and the black backdrop 99 is angled up at 10 degrees from a horizontal plane. These angles may vary depending on the positioning of the users so that the presenter 128 can view the full image display device 57 while not viewing down on the surface of the black backdrop 99. The mirror 42 and placement of the camera 1 are positioned to achieve the alignment of eye contact. The presenter 128 may clearly view the data monitor 153.

FIG. 64 shows an eye contact configuration with the user 3 sitting close to the configuration. The camera 1 views the user 3 with wide field of view 45. The user 3 has a raised hand 156, which is in the view of the camera 1. A mirror 42 is positioned between the two-way mirror 2 and the camera 1 so that the image is not reversed and the camera is in a horizontal orientation. The camera 1 is raised on a supporting structure 155 and the eye contact arrangement is placed on a table 33.

FIG. 65 shows an eye contact configuration with a monitor 17 positioned below a two-way mirror 2, which reflects an image of what is displayed on monitor 17, the image appearing to user 3 to be a plane 5 behind two-way mirror 2. The eye contact terminal is raised up to an approximate eye level with supporting structure 155, which is placed on a desktop 33. The camera 1 views the user 3 while a hand 156 is raised into the wide field of view 45.

FIG. 66 shows a user 3 with a hand 156 held within a wide field of view generated from the camera of either the eye contact configuration of FIG. 64 or the eye contact terminal of FIG. 65. Since the hand is closer to the camera than the body of the user, the hand is distorted to appear to be larger than the user's head. This distortion of the display of the user can be disconcerting to the viewer receiving the telepresence communication. Furthermore, it is well known that portrait photography or video production positions the person at a reasonable distance from the camera. A wide angle of view causes distortion to the face, such as exaggeration of the size of the nose of the person.

FIG. 67 shows an image of a user 3 as seen by a camera at a desirable distance from the camera. This images shows that the outstretched hand 156 is not excessively enlarged relative to the rest of the body. Furthermore, the features of the face are not distorted by this preferable viewing distance. In this view the camera was approximately eight feet from the person.

FIG. 68 shows the eye contact terminal of FIG. 65 with a camera 1 positioned at a desirable distance 11 from the user 3. This drawing was produced with a distance 157 of eight feet. This distance can be somewhat more or less with varying results. The resulting angle of view 45 does not distort the image of the user 3 as shown in FIG. 67. This arrangement shows a long table 33 spanning the distance between the user 3 and the camera 1 within the eye contact terminal. The total distance 158 between the user 3 and the back of the eye contact terminal structure 158 is excessively long. This configuration would be too large and therefore not be practical for most applications. Furthermore, the user 3 is so far from the eye contact terminal that the image 5 would appear too small to see clearly. As a result, this arrangement of an eye contact terminal is unsatisfactory.

FIG. 69 shows an embodiment of the present invention with a user 3 viewing an image display device 17 at eye level. A camera 1 captures the image of the user 3 by way of a reflection off mirror 42 and two-way mirror 2. Without the two reflections the location of the camera would need to be in position 200. The distance between the apparent position of the camera 200 and the user 3 is indicated by distance 157, which in this illustration is 8 feet. The actual distance could vary, but this distance of 8 feet achieves a desirable angle of view 45. In this embodiment the distance between the user 3 and the back of the image display device 17 is a distance 159 of 4 feet, which is half of the distance 157 of the camera view and less than half of the depth of the unsatisfactory eye contact configuration illustrated in FIG. 68.

FIG. 70 shows the line of sight at eye level between the user 3 and the camera 1. In this configuration the segment 160 is approximately 30″. Segment 161 is approximately 48″ and segment 162 is approximately 18″. The total distance of all three segments is approximately 96″ or 8 feet. The physical horizontal distance 159 between user 3 and back of the image display device 17 is about 4 feet. Also, it is this same physical horizontal distance 159 between the user 3 and the back of the camera 1. However, by using the two reflections—from two-way mirror 2 and small mirror 42—an optical distance or line of sight distance twice as long (or longer) can be achieved within the same physical distance 159. While the use of two reflections in the camera line of sight has been known, the appreciation for the placement and angle of the mirrors in order to compensate for distortion has not been known. It is believed that the present inventor is the first to appreciate the unique and desirable configuration by which undesirable distortion can be reduced or eliminated by creating an asymmetrical configuration in which the optical distance between user 3 and display 7 differs significantly from the optical distance between user 3 and camera 1—even when the physical distances are the same or similar.

The angle of the two-way mirror 2 could be between 45 degrees and 50 degrees, but is not limited to this range of angles. The angle of the two-way mirror 2 in this illustration is 48 degrees. By angling the two-way mirror 2 at 48 degrees the image path 161 is angled away from the position of the camera 1, which results in the length of the image path 162 becoming longer. The back of the camera 1 can be aligned vertically with the back of the image display device 17 to achieve the longest camera view while maintaining the most compact profile of the telepresence workstation. In order to achieve a horizontal line between the small mirror 42 and the camera 1, it should parallel the angle of the two-way mirror 2. In this illustration the small mirror 42 is at 48 degrees from horizontal. One skilled in the art will recognize, however, that either or both mirrors could be tilted at other angles and the placement of camera 1 adjusted accordingly.

FIG. 71 illustrates an optimal angle of view 45 for capturing an image of the user 3 for display on a 50″ screen in a 16×9 aspect ratio, such as a 50″ plasma display. The camera image will be transmitted to another telepresence system in a receiving location. At that receiving location it is desired to display the image of the person at the telepresence system at life-size. Therefore, the camera 1 must capture the image of the user 3 at the correct size. In this illustration a line 201 provides a reference for the height of the image at the position of the user 3. For the purposes of this illustration the reference line 201 is a height 163 of 20½″, which is the average height of a 50″ plasma monitor typically used in a telepresence system in a receiving location.

Also, FIG. 71 illustrates the location of a data sharing display monitor 69 to be viewed by the user 3. This monitor 69 is positioned below the camera view 45 that is reflected off the two-way mirror and in front of the camera view that is reflected off the small mirror 42. A keyboard 94 is positioned on a telepresence workstation desktop 164. A panel 165 is positioned at the back of the desktop 164. This panel 165 will protect mirror 42 and block any unwanted light from entering the view of the camera 1.

FIG. 72 shows a panel 16 above the two-way mirror 2. The underside of this panel 16 is light absorbing, such as a matt black surface. Through the two-way mirror 2 is an extended camera view 168 that extends to the underside of panel 16. Since this panel surface 16 does not reflect or emanate any light, the only light viewed by the camera is the reflection off the two-way mirror 2. It is important to note that the image display device 17 should not be in the line of the extended camera view 168 and therefore may need to be positioned a distance back from the two-way mirror 2.

FIG. 72 also shows a light absorbing panel 127 behind the user 3, which covers the full height of the angle of view 45 of the camera 1. This black panel 127 is a particularly advantageous component when the telepresence workstation is used for communication with a telepresence system capable of displaying a depth relationship between the image of the telepresent person and a physical background in the receiving location. Since the receiving image has a black background there will not be any light displayed outside of the image of the telepresent person. As a result, the person can be viewed in a three dimensional relationship in front of a reflected backdrop as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,057,637 by White, incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 73 shows a section view of the telepresence workstation with lighting. The overhead lighting 129 illuminates the top of the head and shoulders of the user 3. The angle of light coverage 130 should be restricted to only cover the area of the user 3. In particular, the overhead lighting 129 should not shine on the black backdrop surface 127. Also, the light should not shine on the monitor 69 or into the area of the camera 1. Front lighting 131 is positioned to illuminate the front of the user 3. This lighting 131 is particularly advantageous for illuminating the user 3 for a well lit camera view. The front lighting could be positioned to the sides to minimize the light shining directly into the eyes of the user 3.

FIG. 74 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the invention. The horizontal angle of view 67 is the basis for the form and structure of the telepresence workstation. The angle of view 67 originates at a point 200, which is determined by the desired optical distance to the camera within the path of a double mirrored rig, such as illustrated in FIG. 71. The angle 67 is set by the width of the image plane 166 at the middle of the location of the user 3. The width of the image plane 166 is based on the width of the 16×9 aspect ratio of a 50″ plasma monitor in the present example. In order to capture a life-size image of the user 3, the camera view must match the width of the display screen of the receiving telepresence system. Other configurations can be determined for other size and configurations of monitor through routine experimentation.

Also in FIG. 74 the image display device 17 is specified to be a width that will approximately fit within the angle 67. In this illustration the width of a 23″ LCD monitor in a 16×9 aspect ratio is used for the size of the image display device 17. The two-way mirror 2 is a trapezoidal shape with sides that fit within the vertical planes of the angle 67. The two-way mirror 2 is preferably wider than the coverage of the angle 67 to allow for some extra margin in the camera coverage.

The telepresence workstation desktop 164 is preferably a trapezoidal shape to have the sides fit within the vertical plane of the angle 67. The sides of the desktop extend beyond the angle 67 to allow for an extra margin in the camera coverage. The black background panel 127 is set to be slightly wider that the width of the angle 67 as it reaches the plane of the background 127. While the trapezoidal shape is particularly advantageous for compactness, all manner of other shapes and configurations including square, rectangular, curved, and the like, are within the contemplated scope of the present invention.

FIG. 75 shows supporting structural panels 169 on the two sides of the telepresence workstation. These side panels provide an enclosure on the sides to keep unwanted light from striking the camera inside of the workstation. Also, the side panels support the two-way mirror 2. The telepresence workstation desktop 164 is attached to the side panels 169. A keyboard 94 may be placed on the desktop 164. A back panel 170 is positioned behind the image display device 17. The back panel 170 is removable to allow access for servicing the image display device 17. Also, a lower part of the back panel 170 is removable to provide access to the camera, codec, computer and other equipment. The black background surface 127 is attached to a supporting structure 173. This supporting structure 173 could be hung from the ceiling or supported from the floor. In some configurations this supporting structure 173 may be in the form of a sliding door or a hinged panel.

FIG. 76 shows a plan view of lighting in the telepresence workstation. One, two or more lights 129 may be positioned above the user 3. This overhead lighting could be a strip of light, such as a fluorescent light. The lighting 129 could be attached to the supporting structure 173. These overhead lights 173 should cover the full width of the image area 166 to assure that the user 3 is illuminated from above. This overhead lighting is especially important for a user 3 who has dark hair. The highlight can help the dark hair to stand out from the black background as seen by the camera. The overhead lighting 129 is also important for providing a bright edge to the shoulders of a user, especially when the user is wearing a dark coat or shirt. The side lights 171 could be position to shine across the width of the workstation to illuminate the inside of the side panels 169. The side lights 171 should be controlled to an angle 172 that does not allow light to shine directly into the eyes of the user 3. Furthermore, the side lights 171 should be controlled so that light does not shine directly onto the two-way mirror 2 or the camera, which could introduce unwanted light into the camera view. Alternatively, the lights 171 could be integrated into the depth of the side panels 169 with a diffusion surface to produce a large illuminated surface to illuminate the user 3 with soft light.

FIG. 77 shows an arrangement of the overall workstations 174 as they are positioned in a row. In this arrangement the back 170 of one workstation is aligned with the front of the desktop 164 of another workstation. With the adjacent workstations 174 flipped in vertical orientation the angled sides of the trapezoidal shapes align to produce a linear row. The backdrop structures 173 are in rows with a small gap between. If this gap is not wide enough for a user to walk between, the backdrop structures 173 could be made to have the capability of sliding to the side or of rotating outward to allow access.

FIG. 78 shows another arrangement of the overall workstations 174. In this arrangement the back panel 170 is aligned with the backdrop structure 173. This produces an enclosed workspace. Access to the workspace can be achieved by having the background panel 173 rotate outward or sliding to the side.

FIG. 79 shows an arrangement of the trapezoidal workstations 174 with matched sides to an adjacent workstation. The result is an arrangement, which could form a complete circle.

FIG. 80 shows an arrangement of the trapezoidal workstations 174 with matched sides to form a curved arrangement.

FIG. 81 shows an embodiment of the invention in the configuration of a receiving communications system 133 connected by a network to a sending communications system 134. It should be noted that telepresence is not practical with standalone systems. Telepresence can be achieved when two or more systems are connected over a network that meets specific requirements. Therefore, it is advantageous for this invention to incorporate the specific technologies that are necessary to complete the telepresence communications. For the purposes of discussion, this embodiment of the invention is referred to as the “telepresence technologies configuration.”

In this telepresence technologies configuration, the sending communications system 134 has a network connection 137 between the network 144 and the codec 152. The receiving communications system 133 has a network connection 136 between the codec 40 and the network 144. The network 144 could be an ISDN network, which could be provided by a telephone company. When transmitting on an ISDN network the codecs 40 and 152 will preferably code and decode the transmission of audio and video in the H.320 protocol.

Alternatively, the network could be an IP network, such as the Internet, Internet2, LAN, WAN, MAN, VPN, ATM, or other network for transmitting data in the Internet Protocol. When transmitting on an IP network the codecs 40 and 152 will code and decode the transmission of the audio and video in the H.323 protocol or another IP protocol.

The computer 154 at the location of the sending communications system 134 could be connected to the codec 152 with the cable 138 that would normally be connected to the display monitor 153. A cable 139 would be connected between the codec 152 and the display monitor 153 so that the signal is passed through to the display monitor 153. The codec 152 will have the capability of accepting the incoming signal for the display monitor through an internal hardware solution or an external data solutions box. The codec 152 will process the signal for the display monitor and transmit it as part of the output through the network connection 137.

The codec 40 for the receiving communications system 133 will receive the incoming signal over the network connection 136. The signal will be decoded by the codec 40 and transmitted to the display monitor over the cable 135. In this manner, the output of the computer 154 at the location of the sending communications system 134 will appear both at the display monitor 153 of the sending communications system and at the display monitor 69 of the receiving communications system. The observers 3 and 70 in the receiving location will see the output of the computer 154 displayed in front of them on the image display device 69 as this visual content is controlled by the presenter 128 in the sending location.

It is not necessary for the receiving location to have a computer since the incoming visual presentation is received over the network 140 and decoded by the codec 40. However, in this configuration, the observers 70 and 3 do not have a means for interacting with the visual display content or an ability to transmit visual content back to the presenter 128.

FIG. 82 shows a different telepresence technologies configuration with a sending communications system 134 connected over an IP network 145 to a receiving communications system 133. The IP network could be any network operating in the Internet Protocol, such as a LAN, WAN, MAN, VPN, Internet2, the Internet or other IP network. In this configuration, the codec 152 in the location of the sending communications system 134 is connected by a network cable 148, such as a CAT5 cable, to an input box 147 which is connected to an IP network 145 by a network connection 146, such as a T1 line, DSL, ADSL, VDSL, SDSL or other network delivery service. The codec 40 in the location of the receiving communications system 133 is connected to the network 145 by a cable 141 to a junction box 143 and a network service 144. The codecs 40 and 152 can establish two-way communication over the network 145.

The computer 154 at the location of the sending communications system 134 could have a network connection 149 to a junction box 147 for access over a network service 146 to a network 145. The computer 120 in the location of the receiving communications system 133 could have a network connection 142 to a junction box 143 to a network service 144 to a network 145. The two computers 120 and 154 can establish a connection over the network 145 and share data through a software application, such as Microsoft NetMeeting or another data sharing software. This configuration has the advantage that both the send and receive locations can interact with visual display material for effective collaboration. Also, this configuration has the advantage that the codecs 40 and 152 do not need to process any of the visual display material and, therefore, can dedicate their processing power and bandwidth to the quality of the audio and video transmission.

FIG. 83 shows a telepresence technologies architecture that embodies a custom network architecture and innovative equipment functionality. This telepresence technologies architecture has both the locations 133 and 134 connected to a telepresence operations center 150 that is specific to the requirements of achieving telepresence through the embodiment of the invention. Instead of a direct connection between the two locations 133 and 134, each location would establish a connection to the telepresence operations center. The telepresence operations center would be specific to receiving and transmitting life-size images of people with alignment for eye contact. Unlike typical network architecture using voice or data hubs, the telepresence technologies architecture would standardize the format of generating the three-dimensional qualities made possible through life-size communication with a reflected background. Furthermore, the telepresence technologies architecture would be engineered to synchronize the supporting visuals that would accompany the telepresence communications of life-size digital embodiments of people.

Through the telepresence technologies architecture, each telepresence location would have a permanent IP connection to the telepresence operations center. This IP connection could automatically revert to a low bandwidth when the telepresence system is not in use for communication. The codec in each location could be much less expensive and simpler than standard video conference codecs since there would not be any need for a directory or dialing capabilities. The codec could be hardwired to automatically connect to the telepresence operations center when the power to the codec is turned on. With the telepresence technologies architecture users would be able to access a directory at the telepresence operations center that would list the telepresence locations and provide a current status of whether or not they were in use or available for a new telepresence communication. Through the telepresence technologies architecture, all connections between telepresence users would be connected and managed through the telepresence operations center.

FIG. 84 shows an asymmetrical arrangement, which has an off-axis line of sight 204 for the camera 1 in the customer location 205, while the camera in the presenter's location 174 has an on-axis line of sight 182. The customer 3 views the image of the presenter appearing to have a correct alignment for eye contact even though the customer location 202 has an off-axis view 203. This perceived eye contact alignment is achieved since the incoming image of the customer 3 is displayed at the location of the presenter 174 on the image display device 17 with the eyes of the customer aligned to the height for the line of sight 182 for achieving a perceived eye contact. Even though the camera in the customer location 202 is off-axis, the camera view 203 captures the image of the customer 3 with the eyes at the same height on the image.

As an example, the eyes of the presenter 176 may be at a position of two thirds of the height of the presenter's image. Also, the eyes of the customer 3 may be at the position of two thirds of the height of the customer's image, even though the camera 1 is off-axis capturing an image from slightly above the normal line of sight 182.

In this asymmetric communications solution the customer receives the added value of eye contact. The customer will feel the personal connection with the presenter through eye contact, which can instill a greater sense of trust and intimate presence. Even though the presenter will not have the same direct line of sight for eye contact, the presenter will still have a front view of the customer to read reactions to the marketing communication. The presenter may be selling a product or service with the primary objective of completing the business objectives, which does not require the same eye contact to achieve the goal.

In order to achieve optimal results, the eye contact configuration at the location of the presenter 174 should meet specific requirements. These requirements are illustrated in the “Telepresence Workstation and Telepresence Center” U.S. patent application No. 60/846,415 by White. One requirement is that the camera 1 is not too close to the presenter 176. It is undesirable to have the camera too close to the presenter, which could cause wide angle distortion. This problem is overcome by having the camera 1 located close to the floor with a line of sight 177 viewing forward to a mirror 42. The mirror 42 reflects an upward facing line of sight 45 toward the two-way mirror 2, which is reflected forward along a line of sight 182. The line of sight 182 is aligned with the eye contact between the presenter 176 and the image of the customer 3 appearing on the image display device 17. A black panel 16 is positioned above the two-way mirror 2 to block the camera view through the two-way mirror. In this arrangement the image display device 17 is relatively close to the presenter 176 to allow for clear viewing of the incoming image from the customer location 201 while not requiring an excessively large area for the workstation.

FIG. 85 shows an embodiment of the present invention with both the camera 1 and the image display device 17 in front of the two-way mirror 2. In this configuration the camera 1 has an unobstructed angle of view 45 of the user 3. The user 3 has a line of sight 182 that achieves a perceived eye contact with a telepresent person appearing on the reflected image 5. This eye contact is aligned with the reflected line of sight 185 with the image display device 17. The camera 1 is viewed as a reflection in position 179 in front of the reflected image 5.

FIG. 86 shows an embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 positioned between an image display device 17 and a two-way mirror 2. The camera is positioned back far enough so that it is not blocking the reflected view 5 of the image display device 17. Furthermore, the camera 1 is positioned to have an unobstructed angle of view 45 of the user 3. The user has a perceived eye contact with a telepresent person displayed on the image display device by having a line of sight 182 that matches to the eye level of the telepresent person viewed as a reflection 5 off the two-way mirror 2 along the reflected line of sight 185.

FIG. 87 shows an embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 positioned between a two-way mirror 2 and a backdrop 8 with an unobstructed angle of view 45 of the user 3. The user 3 has a perceived eye contact with a telepresent person appearing on the image display device by way of a line of sight 182 that aligns with the level of the eyes of the telepresent person appearing on the image display device 17. The telepresent person may appear to be in front of a reflection 9 of a backdrop 8, which may produce a perception of depth between the image of the telepresent person and the reflected backdrop. The principles of the reflected backdrop are covered in the U.S. Pat. No. 7,057,637 “Reflected Backdrop for Communications Systems” by White.

FIG. 88 shows an embodiment of the present invention in a configuration similar to FIG. 87, except that the arrangement is flipped vertically to position the camera below the two-way mirror 2 and the image display device 17.

FIG. 89 illustrates the present invention configured as a lectern with both the camera 1 and the image display device 17 in front of the two-way mirror 2. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along the line of sight 182 to the image 5, which is the image on the image display device 17 reflected by the two-way mirror 2. The two-way mirror 2 may be angled forward at approximately 45 degrees and the image display device may be approximately horizontal to produce a reflection that is vertical. However, the image display device 17 may be angled back to raise the front edge to minimize the direct view of the image area by the customer 3. If the image display is angled back at a given angle, it is necessary to angle back the two-way mirror at half of the given angle in order for the reflected image 5 to be in a vertical position. As an example, the arrangement in FIG. 89 shows the image display device 17 angled back at 10 degrees and the two-way mirror 2 angled back 5 degrees beyond 45 degrees to be a resulting angle of 50 degrees.

The camera 1 is forward of the two-way mirror 2 and therefore may be seen as a reflection in the two-way mirror. In FIG. 89 the camera 1 is housed in an enclosure 180, which is in the view of the customer 3 as a reflection 181. The enclosure 180 could be designed to be in integral part of the lectern 184, which could incorporate a banner with a company logo or the name of a speaker. The enclosure 180 could have a small hole for the camera to have the field of view 45. The reflected enclosure 181 could appear to be an integral part of the top of the lectern 184, which could appear to be a stand to hold the speakers notes.

The reflected image 5 may display a presenter to appear at the back edge of the lectern 58. The incoming image of the presenter may be captured against a black backdrop so that the displayed image will only be illuminated by the image of the presenter. In this manner the image area surrounding the presenter will not be visible since it is black and therefore the presenter will not appear to be contained within the frame of the image area. When there is a background 191 that is dimly illuminated the person will appear physically in front of the background 191. It is ideal for the background to be illuminated enough to be clearly visible to the audience while not being so bright that it burns through the superimposed image of the presenter 5. In practice it has been effective to have a dark blue curtain that is illuminated from the sides to provide contrasting illuminated blue folds of the curtain with dark shadowed areas to view depth cues between the position of the image of the presenter 5 and the background 181.

The reflected image plane 5 is only an image that is generated by the reflection of the image display device 17 reflected by the two-way mirror 2 as it is viewed by the customer 3. The space behind the lectern 184 is not encumbered by display equipment and is free for a person 187 to stand in this space. When there is no image on the image display device 17 there will not be a reflected image 5 to be viewed by the customer 3 or an audience. Therefore, it is possible for a person 187 to stand behind the lectern within the view of the audience. In a meeting application a person 187 could introduce a guest speaker who after the introduction could appear at the lectern in the reflected plane 5.

FIG. 90 illustrates the present invention configured as a lectern 184 with the camera 1 positioned forward of the two-way mirror 2 and positioned on the front of the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3, which in some applications may include a large audience. The lectern 184 may be placed on a platform 183 for the audience to have a clear view of the presenter at the lectern. The customer 3 has a direct line of sight 182 for eye contact. It is relevant to note that the line of sight 182 does not need to be horizontal to achieve the perception of eye contact. With the incoming image of the presenter 5 captured on a workstation with a camera at the line of sight for eye contact, the presenter will be looking forward. The customer 3 will see the reflected image on the presenter 5 appearing as a flat image that is directly forward even though the line of sight 182 is slightly off-axis. Since the displayed image is flat the slight off-axis view will not see a different perspective of the presenter, whereas an off-axis view of the real presenter would see a different perspective of the real three dimensional person.

FIG. 91 illustrates the present invention configured as a lectern 207 positioned on a platform 183 with the camera 1 located inside a mock podium 206 that is reflected in the two-way mirror 2. The platform accommodates a rear projection arrangement with a projector 189 projecting forward to a mirror 190 that reflects the projected image to a rear projection screen 188. The screen 188 could be horizontal or could be at an angle to make it less visible to the customer 3. In FIG. 91 the screen is angled at 10 degrees and the two-way mirror is angled at 50 degrees.

The camera 1 is located between the two-way mirror 2 and the rear projection screen 188 where it has an unobstructed view 45 of the customer 3. Since the camera 1 is in a position that may be within the view of the reflected image 5, it may be positioned within an enclosure 206. The enclosure 206 could appear to be an intentional part of the staging, such as a structure to hold a logo or meeting banner. The enclosure 206 may have a small hole for the camera to see the field of view 45. The enclosure 206 may be positioned to match to the location of a physical lectern 207. The reflected image of the enclosure 206 will be viewed superimposed into the same physical location as the lectern 207. To avoid the confusion of two superimposed images, either the lectern 207 or the enclosure 206 may be black to allow the other object to appear without a superimposed image. In order to provide a more visually intriguing three dimensional display the enclosure 206 and the lectern 207 may be partially open inside or be comprised of a transparent material so that the image of the presenter 5 may appear to be behind the physical object of the lectern 207.

In FIG. 91 the rear projection screen 188 may be large enough to display a head to toe person or close to the full body of a person at life-size. The reflected image 5 appears in the free space behind the lectern 207. It is possible for a real person 187 to stand within the reflected image plane of the presenter 5. The reflected image 5 may be large enough for a real person 187 to stand directly next to a life-size telepresent person for a two-way conversation.

FIG. 92 illustrates the present invention configured for the appearance of a head-to-toe image of a person 5 to appear in a three dimensional setting with a background 191. A camera 1 is positioned between a large two-way mirror 2 and an overhead rear projection screen 188. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. A projector 63 projects to a mirror 65 that reflects the projected image to a rear projection screen 62. The customer 3 may look forward along a line of sight 56 to see a perceived eye contact with a life-size person reflected into the plane 5. A real person may walk into the location of plane 5 and also have eye-to-eye contact with the customer 3.

FIG. 93 illustrates the present invention configured for the appearance of a head-to-toe image of a person 5 with a camera 1 positioned above a two-way mirror 2 and a front projection screen 104 below. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3. The customer 3 has a line of sight 182 with the image of the presenter appearing on the reflected image plane 5. The projector 189 projects onto the front projection screen 104 at an angle to position the projected image under the two-way mirror 2. It may be necessary for the projector 189 to use a lens shift and/or digital keystone correction to produce an image that is not distorted. A person 187 may stand in the reflected image plane 5.

FIG. 94A illustrates the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera 1 positioned between the two-way mirror 2 and the overhead image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3. The customer 3 has a line of sight 182 for a perceived eye contact with a presenter appearing on the reflected image plane 5. The image display device 17 is enclosed within a supporting structure 193. The image display device may be horizontal or may be angled up to be less visible to the customer 3. In FIG. 94 the image display device 17 is angled at 10 degrees and the two way mirror is angled at 50 degrees. The enclosure 193 may have exterior graphics 194.

Below the eye contact display device may be a service counter 195. The service counter could incorporate a computer 154 and a printer 178, which could be controlled remotely by the presenter appearing in plane 5. In business applications the printer 178 could print out boarding passes, luggage tags, receipts, product information, maps, reservations, or any other printed material that would be of value to the customer 3.

FIG. 95A illustrates the present invention in FIG. 94A with the two-way mirror 2 rotated upwards to allow a person 187 to work at the service counter 195. The rotated two-way mirror 2 would become the bottom of the overhead enclosure 193. When the two-way mirror 2 is rotated upwards the counter 195 can be used in a normal fashion with the presence of a real person 187. The computer 154 and printer 178 can be used with the keyboard 94 by the person 187.

FIG. 94B illustrates the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera 1 positioned between the two-way mirror 2 and a backdrop 16. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3. The customer 3 has a line of sight 182 for a perceived eye contact with a presenter appearing on an image display device 500. The image display device 500 may be a thin, lightweight LED LCD monitor. Alternatively, it may be a rear projection acree with an image projected upon it from behind. The image display device may be vertical to be directly in the view of the customer 3. A backdrop 16 may be above the two way mirror 2 and may be a distance above so that the plane of the reflected backdrop 9 appears behind the plane of the image display device 500. The enclosure 193 may have exterior graphics 194.

Below the eye contact display device may be a service counter 195. The service counter could incorporate a computer 154 and a printer 178, which could be controlled remotely by the presenter appearing in plane 5. In business applications the printer 178 could print out boarding passes, luggage tags, receipts, product information, maps, reservations, or any other printed material that would be of value to the customer 3.

FIG. 95B illustrates the present invention in FIG. 94B with the two-way mirror 2 and the image display device 500 rotated upwards to allow a person 187 to work at the service counter 195. The back of the rotated image display device 500 would become the bottom of the overhead enclosure 193. When the two-way mirror 2 and the image display device are rotated upwards the counter 195 can be used in a normal fashion with the presence of a real person 187. The computer 154 and printer 178 can be used with the keyboard 94 by the person 187.

FIG. 96 illustrates the present invention configured as a service counter 195 with a camera 1 between a two-way mirror 2 and an image display device 17 located below. The camera has an unobscured view 45 of the customer 3. The customer 3 has a line of sight 182 for eye contact with a presenter appearing as a reflected image 5. The service counter may have a printer 178 and a computer 154, which could be controlled by the presenter appearing in the reflected image plane 5. The arrangement of FIG. 96 has the advantage over the arrangement of FIG. 94 in that there is not any overhead apparatus. However, the arrangement of FIG. 96 may not be as well suited to usage by a real person as illustrated in FIG. 95.

FIG. 97 illustrates the present invention configured as a service counter with a camera 1 located above a two-way mirror 2 with the image display device 17 positioned below and a keyboard 94 and data monitor 69 for interaction with a customer 3. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the reflected image plane 5. A computer 154 and printer 178 may be remotely controlled by the presenter. The customer may input information, such as their name and password, for communication with the presenter.

FIG. 98 illustrates the present invention positioned above retail shelving 91 with a camera 1 positioned between a two-way mirror 2 and an overhead image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the reflected image plane 5. The retail shelves 91 below the eye contact communications apparatus may display retail products. A promotional sales banner 194 may be positioned on the exterior of the enclosure 193.

FIG. 99 illustrates the present invention positioned above an interactive computer based kiosk 192 with a camera 2 positioned between a two-way mirror 2 and an overhead image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the reflected image plane 5. A logo or sign 194 may be positioned on the exterior of the enclosure 193. A customer may input data into a computer 154 with a keyboard 94 and view the computer screen 69. This computer 154 may be connected by a network to a computer database for access to a vast amount of information. Also, the computer 154 may be connected with a network with a computer operated by the presenter appearing at the reflected image plane 5. With this arrangement the presenter can engage in eye contact communication with a customer 3 while sharing visual information and data with the customer. Since both parties can interact with the data, the communication may be interactive. The resulting information may be printed for the customer 3 on the printer 178.

FIG. 100 illustrates the present invention configured as a desk 164 with a camera 1 positioned between a two-way mirror 2 and an overhead image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the reflected image plane 5. The customer can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69.

FIG. 101 illustrates the present invention configured as a desk 164 with a camera 1 positioned above the two-way mirror 2. The camera 2 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the reflected image plane 5. The customer 3 can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69.

FIG. 102 illustrates the present invention configured as a desk 164 with the camera 1 positioned above the two-way mirror 2 with the image display device 17 and a backdrop 8 reflected in an image plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the image display device 17. The customer 3 can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69. The arrangement can be positioned close to a wall 196 to conserve space, however the reflected backdrop 9 will provide the perception of a greater depth beyond the wall 196.

FIG. 103 illustrates the present invention configured as a desk 164 with a small image display device 17 behind a two-way mirror 2 with a small camera 1 above the two-way mirror 2 and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear in a plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the image display device 17. The customer 3 can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69. The arrangement can be positioned close to a wall 196 to conserve space, however the reflected backdrop 9 will provide the perception of a greater depth beyond the wall 196.

FIG. 104 illustrates the present invention configured as a conference table system 197 with a camera 1 located above a two-way mirror 2 with an image display device 17 located behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear on a plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the image display device 17. The customer 3 can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69.

FIG. 105 illustrates retail shelving 91 under the present invention with a camera 1 positioned above a two-way mirror 2 with an image display device 17 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear in a plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the image display device 17. The presenter can promote the products on display on the retail shelves for the customer to select for purchase.

FIG. 106 illustrates a computer based kiosk 192 under the present invention with a camera 1 positioned above a two-way mirror 2 with an image display device 17 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear on a plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the image display device 17. The customer 3 can interact with the presenter with a computer 154 using a keyboard 94 and monitor 69.

FIG. 107 illustrates an automatic teller machine 198 incorporating the present invention with a camera 1 above a two-way mirror 2 with an image display device 17 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear on a plane 9 behind the image display device 17. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a bank representative on the image display device 17. The customer 3 can interact with the banker with a touch screen 209 to control a computer 154. A cash dispenser 97 is incorporated into the ATM 198.

FIG. 108 illustrates a customer representative kiosk as shown in FIG. 107 with a backdrop 8 curved to meet the two-way mirror 2 so that the reflected backdrop 9 appears to be a continuation of the backdrop 8.

FIG. 109 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 located above the two-way mirror 2 with an image of a front projection screen 104 and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear in a plane 9 behind the screen 104. The plane of the reflected backdrop 9 may match a wall 196 to provide the perception of the backdrop being an extension of a portion of the back wall of the room. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the front projection screen 104.

FIG. 110 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 located above the two-way mirror 2 with a rear projection screen 188 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear on a plane 9 behind the screen 188. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the rear projection screen 188. The rear projection may use a mirror 190 to reflect the projection to a second mirror 199 to reflect the projection further to the rear projection screen 188.

FIG. 111 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 located above the two-way mirror 2 with a front projection screen 104 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear in a plane 9 behind the front projection screen 104.

FIG. 112 illustrates a large scale embodiment of the present invention with a camera 1 located above the two-way mirror 2 with a rear projection screen 188 behind and a backdrop 8 reflected to appear in a plane 9 behind the rear projection screen 188. The camera 1 has an unobscured view 45 of a customer 3. The customer 3 has a perceived eye contact along a line of sight 182 with an image of a presenter on the rear projection screen 188. The rear projection may use a mirror 190 to reflect the projection to a second mirror 199 to reflect the projection further to the rear projection screen 188.

FIG. 113 illustrates a kiosk embodiment similar to FIG. 106. In this embodiment the kiosk 192 is a free standing structure that is separate from the wall 196 and ceiling 210. The part of the surface of the ceiling 210 that is directly above the kiosk is a surface 8 that serves as the backdrop to be reflected in the vertical position 9, which matches to the surface of the wall 196. The customer 3 sees the wall 196 surrounding the area of the two way mirror 2 and sees a reflection of the backdrop surface 8 reflected into the vertical plane 9 matching the surface of the wall 196. The combination of the reflected backdrop 9 and the wall 196 viewed on the same plane may give the impression of a seamless surface. However, an image displayed on the monitor 17 will appear in front of this combination of wall 196 and reflected backdrop 9.

The embodiment of FIG. 113 may be used in service desk or receptionist counters where it is advantageous to hide the display equipment and generate the perception of a service representative appearing available to serve customers. The furniture of the kiosk 192 may be designed to be compatible with the decor of office, hotel or store. In particular, the counter 211 may be visible through the two way mirror 2 so that the service representative displayed on the monitor 17 would appear directly behind the counter. A camera 1 would have a view through the two way mirror 2 so that the camera would not be visible to the customer 3. A black panel 212 would be placed directly below the camera to avoid the superimposition of an image as a reflection off the two way mirror 2. A data monitor 69 may be positioned in front of the two way mirror 2. This data monitor will not obscure much of the view of the customer representative since the data monitor 69 will not be the same width as the monitor 17.

In FIG. 113 a light 213 is positioned at an equal distance from the wall 196 and the ceiling 210. In this manner the light falling on the wall and the ceiling will be from the same angle. This will cause the light on the surface of the backdrop 8 and the light on the wall 196 to be the same. In this way the reflected backdrop surface 9 and the wall 196 will have illumination from the same angle to support the perception of a seamless wall surface.

FIG. 114 is a front view of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 113. A camera 1 is positioned above the image display device 17. This camera 1 may alternatively be behind the two way mirror as described above in FIG. 113. The two way mirror 2 is angled to reflect the backdrop 8 located in the ceiling 210. A light 213 is positioned below the ceiling where it can illuminate the zone for a user 3. The kiosk 192 has a supporting structure below the counter 211. A data monitor 94 may be positioned in front of the two way mirror 2. Alternatively it may be behind the two way mirror to protect the monitor from vandalism.

FIG. 115 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention with a backdrop 8 placed in or on the floor that appears as a reflected backdrop 9 in a vertical plane at the location of the wall 196. The image on the image display device 17 will appear in front of the wall 196. A panel 214 may be located above two way mirror 2 so that the view of the camera 1 through the two way mirror will view a black surface. Alternatively, the plane 16 may be a black surface. The camera is placed on the floor or close to the floor with a view forward to a mirror 42 to reflect the view upwards to the two way mirror 2 and then toward the user 3. The camera 1 may be contained within an enclosure 215 that is dark or black so that it does not superimpose into the image viewed by the user 3.

FIG. 116 illustrates a plan view of the configuration in FIG. 115. The backdrop 8 on the floor will appear as a reflection in the vertical plane of the wall 196. A person seated to the side 217 would have a line of sight 216 that would be blocked by the image display device 17. The backdrop 8 is wide enough to provide a reflected image to cover the wide of the wall 196 to the extent of the line of sight 216. A person on the other side 218 would have a line of sight 219 that would not be blocked as much by the image display device 17 and therefore would see more of the wall 196. With the width of the backdrop 8 being wide enough for the line of sight 216, there would be some overlap of the reflected backdrop 8 and the wall 196. In order to avoid an undesirable superimposition of the reflected backdrop 8 and the wall 196 the pattern on each may be produced to superimpose in an acceptable manner. This may be achieved in the use of interlaced patterns or designs that incorporate a dark background with a random or organized pattern of lighter image areas or feathered edges.

Numerous inventive applications and methods are also contemplated within the broad scope of the present invention. While not intended to be limiting or exhaustive, certain exemplary applications are discussed in the following paragraphs.

The telepresence technologies architecture described above can be adapted to allow telepresence users, for a fee, to enter virtual social venues managed by the telepresence operations center where they could meet people in chat rooms or prearranged meetings face-to-face for interaction with eye contact and natural human communication through facial expressions and body language to get to know people through telepresence for intellectual dialogue, dating, or intimate experiences. In another embodiment, users could, for a fee, take part in games, competitions, and entertainment that would involve the eye to eye contact with another person with a shared display of live computer graphics on the second image display device for participation from telepresence users connected from any location in the world to the telepresence operations center.

The telepresence technologies architecture described above may be configured to meet a global standards for telepresence and to have additional capabilities for specific applications in financial services where the transmission would be encrypted on a dedicated and secure network of a financial institution with a closely controlled telepresence operations center to deliver confidential financial information from banking centers to branch banks. This embodiment would preferably provide bank managers and financial specialists in the location of the financial centers to provide personal services face-to-face with key customers in remote locations with the sharing of critical financial information on the second image display device, along with additional equipment to print contracts and digitally scan and transmit signed contracts. The system preferably includes the equipment and systems to dispense money, cashier checks and other financial documents through the financial institutions telepresence operations center.

Another embodiment of the telepresence technologies architecture provides for telepresence communications systems to be used by medical technicians, physicians and practitioners at any location in the world to connect to the telepresence global network to reach the telepresence operations center where they can offer services to potential patients who would come to pharmacies and medical facilities where they could have an examination, medical test or refill of a prescription at an appointment with a certified physician through telepresence for a face-to-face evaluation. The physician could remotely operate specialist equipment to take blood pressure, cholesterol level, temperature, blood sugar level and other fundamental tests so that the physician could make new prescriptions or refill prescriptions and have the medicine automatically dispensed from the adjoining pharmacy to the patient upon payment through a credit card reader.

In another embodiment, the above described telepresence technologies architecture could be used by lecturers, professors, trainers and public speakers to transmit their presentations over a telepresence network connection to the telepresence operations center to have the presentation digitally recorded and stored as life-size appearances with synchronized visual support for playback to groups, audiences and classes that would view the telepresence presentation for a fee. The presenter could schedule through the telepresence operations center to appear at the end of the presentation to appear live for questions and answers, which would allow the presenter to maximize time and generate income from prerecorded presentations.

Yet another contemplated embodiment for the telepresence technologies architecture is telepresence communications systems produced to the global telepresence standard that could be installed in major business locations throughout the world so that people seeking a job or considering a change in employment could pay to use a room with a telepresence communications system that was connected over a telepresence network connection to the telepresence operations center. Appointments could be scheduled by employment agencies or through employment websites for interviews between applicants in one location and employers in another location with the potential for the applicant to take tests delivered through the telepresence operations center for display on the second image display device with networked services for immediate results and the potential for the applicant to a transmitted into the room for a face-to-face interview with the review board or hiring committee.

Still another contemplated embodiment includes the telepresence technologies architecture described above wherein the telepresence communications systems meeting the global telepresence standards can be installed in locations where security companies want to have the presence of guards, but recognize that the guards would not have an active role in security unless a security sensor was trigger. The system could display a digital recording of a security guard in the location for the majority of the time and would instantly switch to a live telepresence of a guard in the location if a security sensor was triggered so that the telepresent guard could see and evaluate the situation, have dialogue with people present and remotely activate alarms, lights and unlock or lock doors.

It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description herein are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive manner, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms and examples disclosed. On the contrary, the invention includes any further modifications, changes, rearrangements, substitutions, alternatives, design choices, and embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, as defined by the following claims. Thus, it is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such further modifications, changes, rearrangements, substitutions, alternatives, design choices, and embodiments. For instance, the above described embodiments could include a microphone adapted to receive sound from the observation zone and a speaker adapted to output sound to the observation zone. A communication device receiving video images from a camera and compressing said video images for an outgoing transmission on a network to a second communication system in a remote location and a communication device receiving an incoming transmission received over a network from said second communication system in said remote location and producing therefrom a video image to be displayed on said image display device is also contemplated.

Other variations include a communications system wherein the backdrop two-way mirror, and said light-absorbing panel fold into a supporting structure when not in use; or a communications system wherein said two-way mirror and said light-absorbing panel can be folded down to form a working desk with a direct view of said image display device. The communications may include a keyboard, mouse or other interactive device to allow control of the communications system and/or access interactive visual and audio material.

The communications system may be adapted for a business transaction and further comprise a kiosk incorporating said image display device, said two-way mirror, and said camera, said kiosk further comprising a credit card reader, a product dispensing device, and storage space for the promotion and distribution of products. Yet other variations and modifications will be apparent to one skilled in the art through routine experimentation and are considered and intended to be within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An image display system comprising: an image display device having an image area positioned within a first plane, said first plane positioned for viewing by a user in an observation zone; a two-way mirror positioned between said observation zone and said image display device; and a backdrop positioned so that a reflection of said backdrop in said two-way mirror appears within a reflected second plane positioned for viewing by said user, said reflected second plane being parallel with said first plane and positioned further away from said two-way mirror than said first plane. 